protocols and models

Question 1

benefits of using a layered model?

Answer 1

Assist in protocol design as protocols that operate in a specific layer have defined information that they act upon. foster competition as products from different vendors can work together. prevent technology or capability changesin one layer from affecting other layers.

Question 2

benefits of segmenting messages

Answer 2

increases speed as large amounts of data can be sent over the network without tying up a communications link. Increases efficiency as only segments which fail to reach the destination need to be retransmitted, not the entire data stream.

Question 3

what does PDU stand for?

Answer 3

Protocol Data Units

Question 4

in what order does PDU pass down the stack?

Answer 4

1. Data (Data Stream)
2. Segment
3. Packet
4. Frame
5. Bits (bit stream)

Question 5

what is a source IP address?

Answer 5

The IP address of the sending device, original source of the packet.

Question 6

what is a destination IP address?

Answer 6

The IP address of the recieving device, final destination of the packet

Question 7

what is the network portion?

Answer 7

the left most part of the address indicates the network group which the IP address is a member. Each LAN or WAN will have the same network portion.

Question 8

what is the host portion?

Answer 8

The remaining part of the address identifies a specific device within the group. This portion is unique for each device on the network.