Protocols Flashcards
Why are communication standards required?
∆ To enable different hardware devices to pass data to one another
∆ securely and coherently
∆ using agreed formats
Describe the main features of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
The OSI model:
∆ Consists of an abstract model of networking and a set of specific protocols
∆ It defines a layered protocol (7 layers)
∆ Each layer deals with specific functionality
∆ Control is passed from one layer to the next
∆ Each layer interacts directly only with the layer immediately beneath it and provides facilities for use ny the layer above
What is a protocol?
A standard set of communication rules
Briefly describe the TCP/IP protocol.
Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol supports connectivity between LANs and WANs. It allows all Internet users and providers to communicate irrespective of the hardware. Providers have unique addresses.
Describe the purpose of TCP protocol
∆ Defines how computers send packets of data to one another
∆ Define how data is split up into packets
Describe the purpose of the IP protocol
∆ Delivers the data packets to the appropriate node using the IP address
∆ Treats each data packet independently
Describe the purpose of the TCP layer
∆ Enables two hosts to to establish a connection and exchange data. It is responsible for reliability and correct delivery
∆ It converts a message into data packets containing destination address
∆ That is transmitted over a network to the destination computer
∆Then is reassembled so that the message can be read by the recipient
Describe the purpose of the IP layer
∆ The IP layer is responsible for routing data packets from node to node
∆ It forwards each packet using its destination address (IP)
∆ Packets of the same message can be sent by different routes by routers
Describe the main features of a typical communications protocol.
It consists of rules to determine: ∆ Which device has control ∆ Whether a device is responding correctly ∆ The transmission speed ∆ How errors are detected ∆ How errors are corrected
Identify and describe a protocol used for communication via the internet
∆ Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol
∆Is a multi layered protocol
∆ The layers specify standards for a software
∆ TCP/IP sends data as packets
∆ The IP is unique for each address
Explain why a protocol is needed to when data is transmitted over a network
∆ To ensure different computer systems can communicate with one another
∆ Different hardware devices operate at different speeds
∆ Data can be stored in different ways
∆ Different error handling methods may be used
Describe the main features of RFID
∆ Products are tagged
∆ Radio frequencies are used
∆ Tags hold data about the product
∆ Passive technologies
Describe two advantages of using RFID over bar codes
∆ Close contact between tag and reader not required so parts can be tracked as they move
∆ Tags are more durable as they can be inserted inside aircraft parts, barcodes can get torn or dirty
Describe the main features of RFID technology
∆ Data relating to a product is stored on an RFID tag attached to the product
∆ RFID tag contains data programmed into small computer chip
∆ Tag activated by radio waves emitted from RFID reader
∆ Tag sends data stored in its memory back to the reader
∆ Active or passive technologies
Describe four advantages of using RFID tags instead of barcode for stock control
∆ No line of sight required
∆ Bar code must be clean and the reader must be properly orientated with label to be read
∆ RFID tags can be read from a greater distance
∆ Information in bar codes is fixed and cannot be changed
∆ Human intervention required to scan bar code
