Protists and Fungi Flashcards
Three types of protozoa and how they differ from each other
-Sarcodines
1. use pseudopodia, footlike projections of cell matter, to move
2. most are free-living, some are parasites
3. some use pseudopods to catch food
4. Well-known type is the ameba
-Ciliates
1. Use cilia, tiny hair-like structures which function as oars, to move
2.move very fast for a protozoan
3. have oral grove, a channel lines with
cilia, down which food is swept down into
the mouth
-Flagellates
1. use flagellum, a whiplike organelle, to
move
2. very different from moneran flagella
Sporozoa
1. Have no special organelles for moving
2. are all parasites
3. produce spores
4. most well known sporozoan causes
malaria
Dinoflagellates
- protists
- algae
- all single-celled
- most live in the ocean
- often contain large amounts of red pigment
- when the population of a certain type of them grows rapidly, the water turns red because of their pigment and is called a red tide which can be dangerous because they contain poison
-
Diatoms
-protists
- algae
- single-celled
- gold-colored from containing large amounts of yellow, orange, and brown pigments
- important producers in fresh and saltwater
- make up parts if plankton in the ocean
-
Euglenas
- protists
- algae
- single-celled
- live in places like ponds
- grass-green
- are able to live in darkness because are able to photosynthesis and to eat
- eat monerans and other protists
- use flagella to swim
- has an eyespot to see light
green algae
-protists
-algae
-both single and many-celled
- Live in fresh water, the ocean, soli, and some live in other organisms
- They are bright green because they contain a lot of chlorophyll
- some live in colonies arranges as long filaments or in a hollow ball
-cells are very plant like
brown algae
-protists
-algae
-all many-celled
-almost all live in the ocean
-cell walls of these organisms contain a jellylike material called algin which protects brown algae from battering waves
-have rootlike structure called holdfasts that anchor them to a stable surface
-have stalks and leaf like blades
- some have air bladders which keep them near the surface
-kelps are the largest brown algae
red algae
-protists
-algae
-many-celled
-most live in salt water
-have structures such as holdfasts and stalks
-have a reddish pigment
-the deeper they are, the redder they are (i.e. at the surface they are green, at the bottom they are almost black)
fungus
-one of the 5 kingdoms
-a spore producing organism with complex cells and no chlorophyll
hyphae
branching, threadlike filaments that form bodies of many-celled fungi and help fungus get nutrients
Threadlike fungi
-produces spores in round spore cases at the tips of the hyphae
sac fungi
-largest group of fungi
-include single-celled yeast, plant parasites, blue-green molds, mildews, and edible mushrooms called morels and truffles
-when reproducing sexually, produce spores in saclike structures
-yeasts use a form of asexual reproduction called budding, when part of the cell wall swells and is pinched of from the parent cell as a separate cell
club fungi
-mushrooms that top pizza belong to this group
-spores shape like clubs
-spores usually line the gills on the underside of the cap
-then they drop from cap when ready
-beneath the surface, it exists as a mycelium that can spread through large area of soil
lichens
-algae and fungi together
- live where one cant survive itself
-
imperfect fungi
have no known sexual reproductive cycle
slime molds
