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Exam 3 BIO > Protists > Flashcards

Protists Flashcards

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1
Q

In Malaria, Are Plasmodium cells diploid or haploid while in the LIVER or RBC’s?

A

Haploid in Liver/RBC’s (Transition to Diploid later to reduce chromosomal amount)

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2
Q

What are the TWO most common environments for Protists?

A

Moist soil & surrounded by water

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3
Q

What is a major World issue that Protists are related to?

A

Global Warming (amount os CO2 in air)

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4
Q

What role do Protists serve in the food chain?

A

They are Primary Producers, (with out them stainability of life in this planet is not going to be able to exist)

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5
Q

What is the name of the Protist that invades human body during Malaria and what organ is most involved?

A

Plasmodium

Liver

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6
Q

During Malaria where does plasmodium go after infecting the liver? What method does it use to Replicate, Mitosis or Meiosis?

A

Goes to RBC’s

Mitosis

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7
Q

Are Protists monophyletic or paraphyletic (spread out on a phylogenetic tree?)

A

They are paraphyletic (spred out on a phylogenetic tree)

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8
Q

All Eukaryotic (plant, fungi, animal) branches _____from protists.

A

Diverge

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9
Q

The protist that causes Malaria(Plasmodium) has ______ changes, as it moves from mosquito to humans.

A

Morphological (& it goes from n-> 2n-> n)

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10
Q

Protists are divided based on their _______.

A

Morphology

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11
Q

What are the 5 Main differences we see from Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes?

A
  1. Organelles develop
  2. Multi-cellular
  3. Structures (Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton)
  4. Food (Phagocytosis/Ingesting)
  5. Reproduction (starting to see SEXUAL reproduction)
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12
Q

______ Has favored mosquitoes that are resistant to insectisidesd

A

Natural Selection

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13
Q

______Blooms can lead to Anoxygenic dead zones

A

Algal (Red tides, dinoflagellates)

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14
Q

These Blooms spread Rapid or Slow?

A

Rapid

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15
Q

How do these Blooms aquire energy?

A

Photosynthesis (Photosynthetic dinoflagelletes release toxins, toxins build up in shell fish, we eat them and then become poisonous to humans)

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16
Q

These Blooms can be harmful to humans because the produce_____ that can end up in clams/shell fish.

A

Toxins

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17
Q

What is the name of the Protist that causes the alga blooms which release toxins and causes red tides?

A

Dinoflagellates

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18
Q

Can protists causes disease in crops? Example?

A

Yes, Irish potatoe famine, caused migration of irish people.

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19
Q

Why is Malaria hard to control?

A

Evolves So quickly, evolved resistance to drugs used to control its growth

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20
Q

How does Microscopy help with Protists?

A

Shows unique structes that have evolved.

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21
Q

Which kind of Microscopy can be used to identify characteristics of protists?

A

Light and Electron Microscopy

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22
Q

What is one characteristic protists have?

A

Flagellas

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23
Q

What are Unikonts and Bikonts?

A

Unikonts and Bikoints are a characteristi used to distinguish protists. Unikonts (ONE flagella) Bikonts (TWO flagellas)

24
Q

In Dinoflagelletes, what a is the dominant life cycle, haploid or diploid?

A

The life cycle of Dinoflagelletes is dominated by HAPLOID cells

25
Q

In Haploid Life Cycles is Mitosis or Meiosis dominant?

A

Mitosis

26
Q

In Haploid life cycle does fertilization happen very fast or slow?

A

it happens very fast, it’s in 2n for a bit then quickly goes to n.

27
Q

What kind of gametes does it produce in haploid life cycle?

A

it produces genetically identical gametes (n)

28
Q

What is alternation of generation?

A

One phase of life cycle is based on a Haploid form and another is based on Diploid form

29
Q

How does Human reproduction and Alternation of Generation differ?

A

Humans are Diploid (2n) multicellular and produce gametes (n)
Sporophytes divide by Meiosis to produce haploid (n) Spores (n) and Spores divide by mitosis to produce a Multicellular haploid Gametophyte (n) and they produce haploid gametes (n)

30
Q

Starting with the mature sporophyte what happends in the Alternation of Generation Life Cycle?

A

Diploid Sporophyte goes through Meiosis to produce Haploid spores

31
Q

What happens after the haploid spores are produced?

A

Haploid spores undergo Mitosis to produce a Multicellular Gametophyte

32
Q

What happend after the haploid multicellular Gametophyte is produced?

A

The Haploid multicellular gametophyte divides by mitosis to produce Haploid gametes

33
Q

What happens after the haploid gametes are produces by the multicellular gametophyte?

A

Two gametes fuse together to form a Diploid Zygote (fertilization)

34
Q

What happens after the production of a Zygote (2n) in the Alternation of Generation Life Cycle?

A

Zygote grows into a Diploid multicellular Sporophyte

35
Q

Is there a morphological difference between a sporophyte and gametophyte?

A

Yes, they can look different. Even thought they look different they are still the same species. They can also look Identical

36
Q

What a monophyletic group that is a Major Eukaryotic linage and lack mitochondria?

A

Excavata

37
Q

Within the Major eukariotic linage Excavata, which specific protist have?

A

Diplomonadida, Giardia intestinalis

38
Q

What are some characteristics of Giardia intestinalis?

A

They live in guts of animals, whithout harming them, or in stagnant water.
Only ASEXUAL reproduction
causes back-packing disease

39
Q

What is another specific protist under the Major Eukaryotic linage of Excavata?

A

Parabasalida

40
Q

What are some characteristics of Parabasalida?

A

No free-living parabasalida are known
Lack Cell wall and Mitochondria
Often have 4 or 5 flagella (swim)

41
Q

What type of reproduction do Parabasalida do?

A

asexually and sexually

42
Q

How do Parabasalida feed?

A

They feed by engulfing

43
Q

What kind of disease do Parabasalida cause?

A

STI disease-causing Trichomonas

44
Q

How can you identify Excavata Diplomonadida species Giardia intestinalis microscopically?

A

They contain TWO nuclei, each with 4 flagella

45
Q

What is another one of the 7 Major Eukaryotic linages of protists?

A

Discicritata

46
Q

What specific protist id under the major eukaryotic linage Discicritata?

A

Euglenida

47
Q

What are some characteristics of Euglenida?

A 
live in freshwater
Lack external wall
reproduce asexually
most ingest bacteria or other small cells
some are photosynthetic
48
Q

What is another one of the 7 Major Eukaryotic linages of protist?

A

Alveolata (Alveolates)?
Apicomplexa- Plasmodium
Ciliata (Ciliated)- Paramecium
Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)

49
Q

Characteristics of monophyletic group Aveolata?

A

Small sacs called alveoli
unicellular
diverse in morphology

50
Q

Characteristcs of Apicomplexa?

A

Plasmodium, Parasitic
distinctive system of organelles at one end (apical complex)
reproduce sexually or asexually

51
Q

Characteristics of Ciliata?

A

Cilia
Abundant in freshwater as plankton
have two nuclei (Macro and Micronuclei)
Can reproduce asexually or by conjugation

52
Q

Characteristics of Dinoflagellata?

A 
most are Unicellular
Plankton
Alga blooms (red tides)
some are capable of bioluminescense
about half are photosynthetic
asexual and sexual reproduction
53
Q

What are the 7 major Eukaryotic lineages in protists?

A 
Excavata
Discicristata
Alveolata
Stramenopila
Rhizaria
Plantae
Amoebozoa
54
Q

Within the Alveolate major linage which specific protists does it contain?

A

Apicomplexa- Plasmodium
Ciliata (Ciliated)- Paramecium
Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)

55
Q

What is another Major Eukaryotic linage in protists?

A

Stramenopila

56
Q

Within the major linage of Stramenopila what is are some protists sublinages?

A

Diatoms
Water/Slime molds
Brown Algae

57
Q

Diatom characteristics?

A

Silica cell wall- glassy shells
reproduce sexually and asexually
most improtant producer of carbon compounds

Exam 3 BIO (2 decks)

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