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Exam 3 BIO > Protists > Flashcards

Protists Flashcards

1
Q

In Malaria, Are Plasmodium cells diploid or haploid while in the LIVER or RBC’s?

A

Haploid in Liver/RBC’s (Transition to Diploid later to reduce chromosomal amount)

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2
Q

What are the TWO most common environments for Protists?

A

Moist soil & surrounded by water

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3
Q

What is a major World issue that Protists are related to?

A

Global Warming (amount os CO2 in air)

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4
Q

What role do Protists serve in the food chain?

A

They are Primary Producers, (with out them stainability of life in this planet is not going to be able to exist)

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5
Q

What is the name of the Protist that invades human body during Malaria and what organ is most involved?

A

Plasmodium

Liver

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6
Q

During Malaria where does plasmodium go after infecting the liver? What method does it use to Replicate, Mitosis or Meiosis?

A

Goes to RBC’s

Mitosis

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7
Q

Are Protists monophyletic or paraphyletic (spread out on a phylogenetic tree?)

A

They are paraphyletic (spred out on a phylogenetic tree)

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8
Q

All Eukaryotic (plant, fungi, animal) branches _____from protists.

A

Diverge

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9
Q

The protist that causes Malaria(Plasmodium) has ______ changes, as it moves from mosquito to humans.

A

Morphological (& it goes from n-> 2n-> n)

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10
Q

Protists are divided based on their _______.

A

Morphology

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11
Q

What are the 5 Main differences we see from Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes?

A
  1. Organelles develop
  2. Multi-cellular
  3. Structures (Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton)
  4. Food (Phagocytosis/Ingesting)
  5. Reproduction (starting to see SEXUAL reproduction)
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12
Q

______ Has favored mosquitoes that are resistant to insectisidesd

A

Natural Selection

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13
Q

______Blooms can lead to Anoxygenic dead zones

A

Algal (Red tides, dinoflagellates)

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14
Q

These Blooms spread Rapid or Slow?

A

Rapid

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15
Q

How do these Blooms aquire energy?

A

Photosynthesis (Photosynthetic dinoflagelletes release toxins, toxins build up in shell fish, we eat them and then become poisonous to humans)

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16
Q

These Blooms can be harmful to humans because the produce_____ that can end up in clams/shell fish.

A

Toxins

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17
Q

What is the name of the Protist that causes the alga blooms which release toxins and causes red tides?

A

Dinoflagellates

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18
Q

Can protists causes disease in crops? Example?

A

Yes, Irish potatoe famine, caused migration of irish people.

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19
Q

Why is Malaria hard to control?

A

Evolves So quickly, evolved resistance to drugs used to control its growth

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20
Q

How does Microscopy help with Protists?

A

Shows unique structes that have evolved.

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21
Q

Which kind of Microscopy can be used to identify characteristics of protists?

A

Light and Electron Microscopy

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22
Q

What is one characteristic protists have?

A

Flagellas

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23
Q

What are Unikonts and Bikonts?

A

Unikonts and Bikoints are a characteristi used to distinguish protists. Unikonts (ONE flagella) Bikonts (TWO flagellas)

24
Q

In Dinoflagelletes, what a is the dominant life cycle, haploid or diploid?

A

The life cycle of Dinoflagelletes is dominated by HAPLOID cells

25
In Haploid Life Cycles is Mitosis or Meiosis dominant?
Mitosis
26
In Haploid life cycle does fertilization happen very fast or slow?
it happens very fast, it's in 2n for a bit then quickly goes to n.
27
What kind of gametes does it produce in haploid life cycle?
it produces genetically identical gametes (n)
28
What is alternation of generation?
One phase of life cycle is based on a Haploid form and another is based on Diploid form
29
How does Human reproduction and Alternation of Generation differ?
Humans are Diploid (2n) multicellular and produce gametes (n) Sporophytes divide by Meiosis to produce haploid (n) Spores (n) and Spores divide by mitosis to produce a Multicellular haploid Gametophyte (n) and they produce haploid gametes (n)
30
Starting with the mature sporophyte what happends in the Alternation of Generation Life Cycle?
Diploid Sporophyte goes through Meiosis to produce Haploid spores
31
What happens after the haploid spores are produced?
Haploid spores undergo Mitosis to produce a Multicellular Gametophyte
32
What happend after the haploid multicellular Gametophyte is produced?
The Haploid multicellular gametophyte divides by mitosis to produce Haploid gametes
33
What happens after the haploid gametes are produces by the multicellular gametophyte?
Two gametes fuse together to form a Diploid Zygote (fertilization)
34
What happens after the production of a Zygote (2n) in the Alternation of Generation Life Cycle?
Zygote grows into a Diploid multicellular Sporophyte
35
Is there a morphological difference between a sporophyte and gametophyte?
Yes, they can look different. Even thought they look different they are still the same species. They can also look Identical
36
What a monophyletic group that is a Major Eukaryotic linage and lack mitochondria?
Excavata
37
Within the Major eukariotic linage Excavata, which specific protist have?
Diplomonadida, Giardia intestinalis
38
What are some characteristics of Giardia intestinalis?
They live in guts of animals, whithout harming them, or in stagnant water. Only ASEXUAL reproduction causes back-packing disease
39
What is another specific protist under the Major Eukaryotic linage of Excavata?
Parabasalida
40
What are some characteristics of Parabasalida?
No free-living parabasalida are known Lack Cell wall and Mitochondria Often have 4 or 5 flagella (swim)
41
What type of reproduction do Parabasalida do?
asexually and sexually
42
How do Parabasalida feed?
They feed by engulfing
43
What kind of disease do Parabasalida cause?
STI disease-causing Trichomonas
44
How can you identify Excavata Diplomonadida species Giardia intestinalis microscopically?
They contain TWO nuclei, each with 4 flagella
45
What is another one of the 7 Major Eukaryotic linages of protists?
Discicritata
46
What specific protist id under the major eukaryotic linage Discicritata?
Euglenida
47
What are some characteristics of Euglenida?
``` live in freshwater Lack external wall reproduce asexually most ingest bacteria or other small cells some are photosynthetic ```
48
What is another one of the 7 Major Eukaryotic linages of protist?
Alveolata (Alveolates)? Apicomplexa- Plasmodium Ciliata (Ciliated)- Paramecium Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)
49
Characteristics of monophyletic group Aveolata?
Small sacs called alveoli unicellular diverse in morphology
50
Characteristcs of Apicomplexa?
Plasmodium, Parasitic distinctive system of organelles at one end (apical complex) reproduce sexually or asexually
51
Characteristics of Ciliata?
Cilia Abundant in freshwater as plankton have two nuclei (Macro and Micronuclei) Can reproduce asexually or by conjugation
52
Characteristics of Dinoflagellata?
``` most are Unicellular Plankton Alga blooms (red tides) some are capable of bioluminescense about half are photosynthetic asexual and sexual reproduction ```
53
What are the 7 major Eukaryotic lineages in protists?
``` Excavata Discicristata Alveolata Stramenopila Rhizaria Plantae Amoebozoa ```
54
Within the Alveolate major linage which specific protists does it contain?
Apicomplexa- Plasmodium Ciliata (Ciliated)- Paramecium Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)
55
What is another Major Eukaryotic linage in protists?
Stramenopila
56
Within the major linage of Stramenopila what is are some protists sublinages?
Diatoms Water/Slime molds Brown Algae
57
Diatom characteristics?
Silica cell wall- glassy shells reproduce sexually and asexually most improtant producer of carbon compounds

Exam 3 BIO (2 decks)

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