Protists 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Are protists monophyletic or PARAphyletic?

A

PARAPHYLETIC

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2
Q

What are the supergroups of protists studied in this lab, the clades covered, and the examples covered?

A

Excavata (crystalline rod)

  • Euglenozoans
  • Kinetoplastids
  • Euglenids

SAR (smooth and hairy flagella, 2 different)

  • Stramenophile
  • Diatoms
  • Brown algae
  • Alveolates (have aleoli)
  • Ciliates
  • Dinoflagellates
  • Apicomplexan
  • Rhizarians (have pseudopodia)
  • Foraminiferans
  • Radiolarians
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3
Q

What are mixotrophs, heterotrophs, and autotrophs?

A

autotrophs - photosynthesize and cehmosynthesis

heterotrophs - ingest organic molecules

mixotrophs - both auto and hetero

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4
Q

Describe Excavata

A

Have long flagella supported by crystalline rod.

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5
Q

What supergroup and clade are trypanosoma a part of? What defines these?

A

Kinetoplastids which are euglenozoans and are excavata.

These have a single large mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA (kinetoplast)

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6
Q

Trypanosoma brucei causes what disease? How is it transmitted?

A

African sleeping sickness

transmitted by the tsetse fly.

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7
Q

What defines a euglenid? What clade and supergroup are these in?

A

Euglenozoan and excavata

Defined by pigmented eyespot next to light detector

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8
Q

What clade and supergroup are diatoms a part of? What is a defining characteristic?

A

These are stramenophile in clade and are in the supergroup SAR clade

Defined by two-part glass-like wall of hydrated silica, have flagella as gametes but lose when mature

When they die their silica walls are mined to make diatomaceous earth

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9
Q

What clade and supergroup are brown algae in? What are some defining characteristics?

A

Stramenophile and SAR clade

Pigment is fucoxanthin, algin used as emulsifying agent, most complex multicellular anatomy of all algae.

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10
Q

What clade and supergroup are ciliates in? special characteristic?

A

Alveolates and SAR clade

Have micro and macro nucleus, move with short and numerous cilia, have oral groove

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11
Q

What are a common characteristic to dinoflagellates? What do they cause when they proliferate quickly in water? ARe they photo or heterotrophs? What clade and supergroup?

A

Alveolates

BOTH PHOTOAUTO AND HETERO

Cause red tide

all have two flagella, spin in water, circumferential groove.

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12
Q

What clade and supergroup are apicomplexans a part of? What is a human disease they cause and the organism that causes it? What is a common characteristic?

A

Alveolate and SAR clade

Malaria by plasmodium

All have apical complex that functions in penetration of host cell.

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13
Q

What is the common characteristic to Rhizaria?

A

have pseudopodia

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14
Q

What clade and supergroup are foraminifera in? What is a common characteristic?

A

Rhizarians and SAR clade

reticulopodia emerge from shell pores to form dense networks. calcium carbonate shell.

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15
Q

What clade and supergroup are radiolorians in? What are some common characteristics?

A

Rhizarian and SAR clade

axopodia - pseudopodia reinforced by radiating mircotubules, MAILS SPHERICAL, endoskeleton of silica

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