protist, plant, fungi vocabulary

Question 1

Protist

Answer 1

An organism that belongs to the kingdom of Protist

Question 2

Heterotroph

Answer 2

A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, relying instead on the intake of nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter. In the food chain, heterotrophs are primary, secondary and tertiary consumers, but not producers.

Question 3

Eukaryote

Answer 3

An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaebacteria.

Question 4

Decomposer

Answer 4

Decomposers are organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so, they carry out the natural process of decomposition. Like herbivores and predators, decomposers are heterotrophic, meaning that they use organic substrates to get their energy, carbon and nutrients for growth and development

Question 5

Parasite

Answer 5

an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other’s expense.

Question 6

Host

Answer 6

an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism lives.

Question 7

Fungi

Answer 7

A fungus is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, fungi, which is separate from the other eukaryotic life kingdoms of plants and animals.

Question 8

Spore

Answer 8

a minute, typically one-celled, reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion, characteristic of lower plants, fungi, and protozoans.

Question 9

Lichen

Answer 9

a simple slow-growing plant that typically forms a low crusty, leaflike, or branching growth on rocks, walls, and trees.

Question 10

Nonvascular plant

Answer 10

Non-vascular plants are plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Although non-vascular plants lack these particular tissues, many possess simpler tissues that are specialized for internal transport of water. Non-vascular plants do not have a wide variety of specialized tissue types.

Question 11

Vascular plant

Answer 11

Vascular plants, also known as tracheophytes, form a large group of plants that are defined as those land plants that have lignified tissues for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue to conduct products of photosynthesis.

Question 12

Gymnosperm

Answer 12

The gymnosperms, also known as Acrogymnospermae, are a group of seed-producing plants that includes conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term “gymnosperm” comes from the Greek composite word γυμνόσπερμος, meaning “naked seeds”. The name is based on the unenclosed condition of their seeds.

Question 13

Angiosperm

Answer 13

The flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approximately 13,164 known genera and c. 369,000 known species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants.

Question 14

Photosynthesis

Answer 14

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms’ activities.

Question 15

Cellular respiration

Answer 15

Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate, and then release waste products

Question 16

Transpiration

Answer 16

Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts, such as leaves, stems and flowers. Water is necessary for plants but only a small amount of water taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism. The remaining 97–99.5% is lost by transpiration and guttation.

Question 17

Tropism

Answer 17

The turning of all or part of an organism in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus.

Question 18

Gravitropism

Answer 18

Gravitropism is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant or fungus in response to gravity pulling on it. It is a general feature of all higher and many lower plants as well as other organisms.

Question 19

Phototropism

Answer 19

Phototropism is the growth of an organism which responds to a light stimulus. It is most often observed in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi. The cells on the plant that are farthest from the light have a chemical called auxin that reacts when phototropism occurs.

Question 20

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 20

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.

Question 21

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 21

a disease caused by toxoplasmas, transmitted chiefly through undercooked meat, or in soil or cat feces. Symptoms generally pass unremarked in adults, but infection can be dangerous to unborn children.

Question 22

Malaria

Answer 22

an intermittent and remittent fever caused by a protozoan parasite that invades the red blood cells. The parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical regions.

Question 23

Giardia

Answer 23

Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhea. Giardia infection is caused by a microscopic parasite that is found worldwide, especially in areas with poor sanitation and unsafe water.