Protiens & SPE Flashcards
Where are most proteins synthesized
The liver
Where are immunoglobulins synthesized
Plasma cells
Albumin
It is the major plasma protein
Major protein of many extra cellular fluids (CSF, interstitial fluid, urine, amniotic fluid )
45-50% or total protein
Produced in the liver
Highly water soluble
What are the functions of proteins
Energy production Water distribution Structure Antibodies Transportation Acid/ base buffer
Reasons for Hypoproteinemia
<63 g/L Excess loss ( nephrotic syndrome, loss of blood)
Decreased intake ( malnutrition, or intentional malabsorption)
Decreased synthesis( liver disease and immunodeficiency disorders )
Accelerated catabolism ( burns, trauma )
Hyperpeoteinemia
> 84 g/L
Not as common as hypo
Dehydration (vomiting,diarrhea, excessive sweating )
Excessive production of globulins (multiple myeloma)
Ways to measure protein
Refractometry ( quick, easy,not very accurate )
Biuret
- cupric (Cu+++) ions in an alkaline pH
- sodium potassium tartrate prevents precipitation of cupric ions
- potassium iodide prevents reduction of cupric ions
- not sensitive enough to measure small amounts of protein
Dye binding ( BCG)
Electrophoresis
Specimen types for Pretoria measurements
Serum
- lacks fibrinogen ( a glycoproteins required for coagulation)
Plasma
-contains fibrinogen
Urine
} these 2 have to be concentrated
CSF
Functions of albumin
Managing osmotic pressure in both the vascular and extra vascular spaces