Protestant Reformation Flashcards
What is the Protestant reformation?
A revolution of religion in western Europe. It was result of centuries worth of political and social grievances against the Catholic Church.
How did Christianity begin?
It was founded in the first century as a small religion. Christianity continued to grow by the thirteenth century. It became so powerful that it was able to rival state government.
What philosophy rose to fame at the same time as the Protestant reformation?
Humanism
What did the people begin to believe about the Catholic church?
People started to believe that the church had become increasingly corrupt.
Who are the most well-known advocates about the corruption?
John Wycliffe of England, Jan Hus of Bohemia, and Martin Luther of Germany
When did the people start to question the church?
In the early 1500s
What is one belief, Martin Luther, disagreed with?
The pope is the ultimate spiritual authority
What are indulgences?
Purchasing forgiveness for sins by giving money to the church
What did Martin Luther believe in?
You could attain salvation by faith alone
When did the Protestant Reformation begin?
October 31, 1517
What did Martin Luther write?
95 theses
What was the 95 theses about?
They are arguments against the Church
When was Luther declared a heretic by the church?
January 1521
What tool helped the reformation gain momentum?
The printing press
What was Christianity split into?
Two denominations: Catholic and Protestant
Who created the bible translations?
Martin Luther and other reformists
What languages did the reformists translate the Bible to?
English, German, and French
Before the revolution, who did the lower class depend on?
The upper class
What was the biggest impact of the reformation?
common people became empowered to question religion and other aspects of life
which two parties had a ongoing dispute?
Roman catholic pope and european kings
What did the King of France want?
Wanted unconsolidated power and wealth
When did the seat of the papacy return to Italy?
1377
What did the papacy also do in 1377?
Elected another pope to rule from Avignon, France
How long did dual popes last for?
Almost forty years
How did the Catholic Church accumulate wealth?
It got entangled in political matters and engaged in some corrupt practices.
What is another corrupt practice the Catholic Church do?
Simony: The buying and selling of church offices
In the 12th century, what doctrine did the Catholic Church develop?
In the 12th century, what doctrine did the Catholic Church develop? Purgatory: after death, you don’t go to heaven or hell, but just in the middle space
What is the idea of purgatory?
The soul has to be purified before entering heaven
In 1515, what did Luther came to realize
God forgave the sins of people for free
What did Luther perceive salvation as?
Salvation was a gift of grace and not a reward for good works
What is the group that Luther started?
Priesthood of all believers
What is sola scriptura?
Scripture alone is the final authority for Christians was the bible and NOT THE PAPAL DOGMA
Who was Jean Calvin?
A minister from Geneva
What was his most significant contribution to the reformation?
systematize the Protestant doctrine. Made into a lengthy treatise – The institutes of the Christian Religion
What are Calvin’s two distinctive doctrines
Predestination and Elect
What is predestination?
God had an idea of who will be saved and who would go to hell. Salvation and damnation was not a matter of human choice, but God’s choice
What is Elect?
The elect were those whom God had chosen to save. Those were elect had no choice in the matter, and they could never lose their salvation
What is Theocracy?
The bible was the rule of law
What was Calvin’s thought about financial wealth?
It was the proper reward for hard work. As long as they don’t allow money to become their focus. Accumulation of wealth could be seen as sign of God’s favor
What did the anabaptists believe?
Reformation principles that Luther and Calvin believed in, but separated from them on the question of baptism
