Protestant Reformation Flashcards
When did Henry VIII become king of England?
1509
Henry VIII ascended to the throne after the death of his father.
Who was Henry VIII’s first wife?
Catherine of Aragon
Catherine was the widow of Henry’s brother Arthur.
What significant event did Martin Luther initiate in 1517?
‘95 theses’
Luther’s criticisms of the Catholic Church sparked the European Reformation.
What were the religious wars in Europe from 1524-31 primarily about?
Conflicts between Protestants and Catholics
Notable wars occurred in Germany and Switzerland.
Why did Henry VIII seek an annulment of his marriage?
To marry Anne Boleyn and produce a male heir
Henry’s marriage to Catherine failed to produce a male heir.
What was the Act of Supremacy?
Henry declared himself head of the Church of England
This act marked the break with the Catholic Church.
What happened to monasteries under Henry VIII’s rule?
They were closed down and destroyed
By 1540, all monasteries in England were closed.
What radical changes did Edward VI introduce to the English Church?
Made it more Protestant
Edward’s reign from 1547-52 saw significant Protestant reforms.
Who succeeded Edward VI as queen?
Mary I
Mary became queen after Lady Jane Grey’s brief reign.
What was Mary I’s religious policy?
Return to Catholicism
Mary burned 300 people at the stake for refusing to accept changes.
Who became queen after Mary I’s death in 1558?
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth was declared queen due to Mary’s lack of heirs.
What was the goal of Elizabeth’s Religious Settlement?
Steer a ‘middle way’ between Catholicism and Protestantism
This settlement aimed to unify the religious factions in England.
What event began in 1568 in the Low Countries?
Eighty Years War
Dutch Protestants rebelled against Catholic Spanish rule.
What happened to Mary, Queen of Scots in 1587?
She was executed
Elizabeth felt threatened by Mary, a Catholic rival.
What was the outcome of the Spanish Armada’s attempt to invade England in 1588?
The invasion failed
This was a significant moment in English history, strengthening Elizabeth’s reign.
