Proteomics Flashcards
What is the proteome
The entire set of proteins expressed by a genome
Describe RNA splicing
in eukaryotic cells when mRNA is transcribed it is composed of introns and exons
Introns re the non coding sequence if the mRNA and will be spliced out so not expressed in the protein molecule
Exons are the coding sequence and will be expressed in the protein molecule
What is post-translational modification
Alteration of the protein after translation
What does RNA splicing and post translational modification result in
The proteome being bigger than the genome
Human genome = 30,000 genes
Human proteome > 100,000 proteins
What is the size of a prokaryotic cell limited by
The amount of metabolic reactions that it can carry out on its plasma membrane
What does the system of internal membranes in eukaryotic cells do
Greatly increases surface area available for the metabolic reactions carried out by membranes
What is the Golgi apparatus
A series of flattened membrane discs where proteins undergo post translational modification
What are lysosomes
Membrane bound organelles containing a variety of hydrolase enzymes
What are vesicles
They transport materials between membrane compartments or to the plasma membrane
What is the endoplasmic recticulum
It firms a network of membrane tubules continuous with nuclear membrane
Lipids and proteins are synthesised in the ER
2 post translation modification groups
Addition of chemical groups - e.g. phosphate, carbon chains
Covalent modification - often involves removing a section of the protein changing the folding and so activating the protein. E.g. activation of processes in the small intestine
What is micro array analysis
Powerful technique for studying the transciptome
Describe the process of micro array analysis
Make copies of all the genes in the genome
Separate DNA strands into single-stranded copies of each gene
Please copies of each separate Jean onto a specific point suspended in a droplet
Take the cell type you want to study e.g. cancer cells, isolate the RNA, isolate mRNA, make a labelled copy DNA, apply the DNA to the microarray
Scan microarray for attatched cDNA
Use logged locations to determine which genes are active in the studied cells
Components of membrane
Phospholipids and protein, er is involved in both component synthesis
