Proteins polysaccharides and lipids Flashcards
How many residues per helix turn are there in alpha helixes?
3.6
What type of bonds are in alpha helix structures?
H-bonds
What are examples of alpha helix structures?
Haemoglobin, myoglobin, myosin, keratins
What shape are beta pleated sheets?
Zig zags
What type of bonding occurs in beta pleated sheets?
H bonding
Where are beta pleated sheets found usually?
found in proteins where flexibilty is needed
In what tissue ONLY in the body is the triple helix found?
Collagen
Is the triple helix water soluble?
NO
How many amino acids are there per chain of triple helix?
1000
What three amino acids make up collagen?
Glycine, proline and hydroxyproline
What 2 repetitions of hydroxyproline, proline and glycine can collagen have?
X-pro-gly OR X-hyp-gly
Are fibrous proteins water soluble?
NO
What shape are globular proteins?
Spherical
Are globular proteins water soluble?
YES
What structures do globular proteins usually have?
3 or 4prime
What globular structure does actin have?
3 prime
What structure does haemoglobin have?
4 prime
What is the function of myoglobin?
Oxygen storage in muscle
What structure is myoglobin?
3 prime
What residues make myoglobin water soluble?
2 polar -Histidine residues
How is iron attached to the haem group in myoglobin?
The histidine residue
What type of structure makes up 75% of myoglobin?
Alpha helix
Is the haem group in myoglobin kept in the hydrophillic or hydrophobic segment?
Hydrophobic
What molecule is this?
Myoglobin
How many haem groups does myoglobin have?
1
What is the function of haemoglobin?
Oxygen transport
What two structures make up haemoglobin?
2 alpha chains
2 beta chains
How many haem groups does haemoglobin have?
4
How many oxygen atoms can haemoglobin bind?
8
How many oxygen molecules can haemoglobin bind?
4
What molecule is this?
Haemoglobin
What structure is this? What molecule is this most likely to be?
Collagen - triple helix
What structure is this? What molecules could have chains with this structure?
Alpha helix
- DNA, haemoglobin
What type of diffusion do carrier proteins encourage?
Facilitated
Can messenger proteins alter the permeability of cell membranes?
YES
Where is human growth hormone released from?
Anterior pituitary
What are the monomers of polysaccharides?
monosaccharide - sugar
What are two examples of polysaccharides?
Glycogen and starch
What are the components of lipids?
2 Fatty acids
Phosphate
Glycerol
What is an example of a hexose sugar (ketose)?
Fructose
How many carbons does glucose have?
6 - hexose
Is glucose an aldose or a ketose?
Aldose
What is the aldehyde functional group?
-CHO
What is the ketone functional group?
-CO
What type of bonds does starch have that amylase breaks down?
1-4 glycosidic
What two monosaccharides is starch made from?
Amylose and amylopectin
What type of linkage does amylopectin have before and after its branch point?
Amylopectin has 1-4 glycosidic before
and 1-6 glycosidic after
What type of bonds does cellulose have?
BETA !!!!! 1-4 links
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino acids
What two monomers make lactose?
Galactose and glucose
What two monomers make sucrose?
glucose and fructose
What two monomers make maltose?
2 glucose
What monomer makes cellulose with what linkage?
Glucose with Beta 1-4
What are lipids based on?
Glycerol
What is the name of the major lipid that makes up membranes?
Phosphatidylcholine
What is the function of triglycerides?
Storage
Is the head or tail of a phosphatidilcholine hydrophobic?
Tail
What is an example of a sterol?
Cholesterol
