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Biochemistry > Proteins polysaccharides and lipids > Flashcards

Proteins polysaccharides and lipids Flashcards

1
Q

How many residues per helix turn are there in alpha helixes?

A

3.6

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2
Q

What type of bonds are in alpha helix structures?

A

H-bonds

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3
Q

What are examples of alpha helix structures?

A

Haemoglobin, myoglobin, myosin, keratins

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4
Q

What shape are beta pleated sheets?

A

Zig zags

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5
Q

What type of bonding occurs in beta pleated sheets?

A

H bonding

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6
Q

Where are beta pleated sheets found usually?

A

found in proteins where flexibilty is needed

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7
Q

In what tissue ONLY in the body is the triple helix found?

A

Collagen

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8
Q

Is the triple helix water soluble?

A

NO

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9
Q

How many amino acids are there per chain of triple helix?

A

1000

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10
Q

What three amino acids make up collagen?

A

Glycine, proline and hydroxyproline

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11
Q

What 2 repetitions of hydroxyproline, proline and glycine can collagen have?

A

X-pro-gly OR X-hyp-gly

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12
Q

Are fibrous proteins water soluble?

A

NO

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13
Q

What shape are globular proteins?

A

Spherical

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14
Q

Are globular proteins water soluble?

A

YES

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15
Q

What structures do globular proteins usually have?

A

3 or 4prime

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16
Q

What globular structure does actin have?

A

3 prime

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17
Q

What structure does haemoglobin have?

A

4 prime

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18
Q

What is the function of myoglobin?

A

Oxygen storage in muscle

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19
Q

What structure is myoglobin?

A

3 prime

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20
Q

What residues make myoglobin water soluble?

A

2 polar -Histidine residues

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21
Q

How is iron attached to the haem group in myoglobin?

A

The histidine residue

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22
Q

What type of structure makes up 75% of myoglobin?

A

Alpha helix

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23
Q

Is the haem group in myoglobin kept in the hydrophillic or hydrophobic segment?

A

Hydrophobic

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24
Q

What molecule is this?

A

Myoglobin

25
Q

How many haem groups does myoglobin have?

A

1

26
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin?

A

Oxygen transport

27
Q

What two structures make up haemoglobin?

A

2 alpha chains
2 beta chains

28
Q

How many haem groups does haemoglobin have?

A

4

29
Q

How many oxygen atoms can haemoglobin bind?

A

8

30
Q

How many oxygen molecules can haemoglobin bind?

A

4

31
Q

What molecule is this?

A

Haemoglobin

32
Q

What structure is this? What molecule is this most likely to be?

A

Collagen - triple helix

33
Q

What structure is this? What molecules could have chains with this structure?

A

Alpha helix
- DNA, haemoglobin

34
Q

What type of diffusion do carrier proteins encourage?

A

Facilitated

35
Q

Can messenger proteins alter the permeability of cell membranes?

A

YES

36
Q

Where is human growth hormone released from?

A

Anterior pituitary

37
Q

What are the monomers of polysaccharides?

A

monosaccharide - sugar

38
Q

What are two examples of polysaccharides?

A

Glycogen and starch

39
Q

What are the components of lipids?

A

2 Fatty acids
Phosphate
Glycerol

40
Q

What is an example of a hexose sugar (ketose)?

A

Fructose

41
Q

How many carbons does glucose have?

A

6 - hexose

42
Q

Is glucose an aldose or a ketose?

A

Aldose

43
Q

What is the aldehyde functional group?

A

-CHO

44
Q

What is the ketone functional group?

A

-CO

45
Q

What type of bonds does starch have that amylase breaks down?

A

1-4 glycosidic

46
Q

What two monosaccharides is starch made from?

A

Amylose and amylopectin

47
Q

What type of linkage does amylopectin have before and after its branch point?

A

Amylopectin has 1-4 glycosidic before
and 1-6 glycosidic after

48
Q

What type of bonds does cellulose have?

A

BETA !!!!! 1-4 links

49
Q

What are the monomers of proteins?

A

Amino acids

50
Q

What two monomers make lactose?

A

Galactose and glucose

51
Q

What two monomers make sucrose?

A

glucose and fructose

52
Q

What two monomers make maltose?

A

2 glucose

53
Q

What monomer makes cellulose with what linkage?

A

Glucose with Beta 1-4

54
Q

What are lipids based on?

A

Glycerol

55
Q

What is the name of the major lipid that makes up membranes?

A

Phosphatidylcholine

56
Q

What is the function of triglycerides?

A

Storage

57
Q

Is the head or tail of a phosphatidilcholine hydrophobic?

A

Tail

58
Q

What is an example of a sterol?

A

Cholesterol

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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