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Clin Chem Ciulla > Proteins And Tumor Markers > Flashcards

Proteins And Tumor Markers Flashcards

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1
Q

Macromolecules of amino acids, with each amino acid being linked to another via peptide bond

A

Proteins

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2
Q

The amino acids are linked to each other through covalent peptide bonding in a specific sequence to form a polypeptide chain

A

Primary structure

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3
Q

The polypeptide chan winds to form alpha helixes and beta sheets through the formation of hydrogen binds between CO and NH groups of the peptide bonds

A

Secondary structure

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4
Q

The coiled polypeptide chain folds upon itseld to form three-dimensional structure through the interactions of the R groups of amino acids

A

Tertiary structure

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5
Q

Two or more folded polypeptide chains bind to each other through hydrigen bonds and electrostatic interactions to form a functional protein

A

Quarernary structure

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6
Q

Polypeptides co,posed of only amino acids

A

Simple proteins

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7
Q

Composed of protein and non protein (prosthetic group) components;

A

Conjugated protein

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8
Q

Protein with a metal prosthetic group

A

Metalloprotein

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9
Q

Protein with a lipid prosthetic group

A

Lipoprotein

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10
Q

Protein with 10-40% carbohydrate attached

A

Glycoprotein

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11
Q

Protein with >40% carbohydrates attached

A

Mucoproteins

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12
Q

Protein with DNA or RNA nucleic acids attached

A

Nucleoprotein

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13
Q

Nonspecific response to inflammation that may be caused by autoimmune disorders or infections, as well as a nonspecific response to tissue injury from tumors, MI, trauma or surgical procedures

A

Acute phase reactant proteins

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14
Q

Humoral antibodies produced in response to foreign antigens for the purpose of destroying them

A

Immunoglobulins

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15
Q

Reference range of total protein

A

6.5-8.3 g/dL

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16
Q

Ref range of albumin

A

3.5-5.0 g/dL

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17
Q

Decreased protein value

A

Hypoproteinemia

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18
Q

Increased protein value

A

Hyperproteinemia

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19
Q

Another name for prealbumin

A

Transthyretin

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20
Q

Indicator of nutritional status and transports thyroid hormones

A

Prealbumin

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21
Q

Highest concentration of all plasma proteins
Binds many analytes for transport in blood

A

Albumin

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22
Q

Protease inhibitor that neutralizes trypsin-type enzymes that can damage structural proteins

A

A1- antitrypsin

23
Q

Increased AFP level in maternal serum may result to

A

Neural tube defects, spina bifida, fetal distress

24
Q

Decreased AFP level may cause

A

Down syndrome, Trisomy 18

25
Q

Another name for A1-acid glycoprotein

A

Orosomucoid

26
Q

Acute phase reactant; binds to basic drugs

A

A1- acid glycoprotein

27
Q

A2 globulin that binds free hemoglobin and is an acute reactant

A

Haptoglobin

28
Q

Acute phase reactant that is an A2 globulin, copper containing protein with enzymatic activity

A

Ceruloplasmin

29
Q

Ceruloplasmin is decreased in what disease

A

Wilson disease

30
Q

Proteolytic enzyme inhibitor that inhibits thrombin, trypsin and pepsin

A

A2 macroglobulin

31
Q

B-globulin that transports iron

A

Transferrin

32
Q

B-globulin that is an acute phase reactant
Increased in rheumatic fever, infections, MI, RA, and gout

A

CRP

33
Q

Five major classes of immunoglobulins

A

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM

34
Q

One of any immunoglobulins will be increased in what disorder

A

Monoclonal gammopathy

35
Q

Immunoglobulin that can cross the placenta

A

IgG

36
Q

Decreased in the presence of increased susceptibility to infection and when a monoclonal gammopathy

A

IgG

37
Q

Seen serum and secretion

A

IgA

38
Q

Biggest immunoglobulin

A

IgM

39
Q

IgM is increased in what disorder

A

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

40
Q

Immunoglobulins increased allergies, asthma, hay fever, parasitic infections

A

IgE

41
Q

Used to predict risk of premature birth

A

Fibronectin

42
Q

Based on the change in velocity of light (light bent)

A

Refractometry

43
Q

Based on cupric ions complexing with peptide bonds in an alkaline medium to produce a purple colored complex

A

Biuret method

44
Q

Allow protein to bind to a dye, forming a protein dye complex that results in a shift of the maximum absorbance of the dye

A

Dye binding

45
Q

Reference of choice to validate materials used with the biuret method

A

Kjeldahl technique

46
Q

Technique based on the quantification of the nitrogen content of protein

A

Kjeldahl technique

47
Q

Sequence of migration of proteins in serum electrophoresis

A

Albumin>a1-globulins>a2-globulins>B-globulins>gamma globulins

48
Q

Type of zone electrophoresis in which protein separation is based on the isoelectric point of the proteins

A

Isoelectric focusing

49
Q

Calculation for the concentration of the globulins

A

Globulins = Total Protein - Albumin

50
Q

Reference range for urine total protein

A

1-14 mg/dL; <100mg/day

51
Q

Increased protein in urine may result from what diseases

A

Tubular or glomerular dysfunction
Multiple myeloma
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Nephrotic syndrome

52
Q

Protein found in urine of parients with multiple myeloma

A

Bence Jones protein

53
Q

Condition where the quantity of albumin in the urine is greater than normal, yet it is not able to be detected by the urine dipstick method

A

Microalbuminuria

Clin Chem Ciulla (1 decks)

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