Proteins And Mutations

Question 1

Insulin

Answer 1

Hormone that helps control blood sugar levels

Question 2

Haemoglobin

Answer 2

Is a carrier protein
found in red blood cells
binds with oxygen

Question 3

Collogen

Answer 3

Structural protein found in connective tissue

Question 4

Enzymes

Answer 4

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Enzymes are highly specific and speed up particular chemical reactions eg, respiration

Question 5

What explain factors will affect the rate of enzyme activity and what happens

Answer 5

Temperature- Increases collisions between reactants and enzymes. Too high and enzymes denature, too low and reaction rate is lowered and enzyme won’t collide as much

pH- optimum pH varies. Too high/low and enzymes become less effective

Question 6

What are good conditions for human enzymes (temperature)

Answer 6

Body temperature 37 degrees

Question 7

In an enzyme, explain what allows the substrate to be changed

Answer 7

Active sites temporarily bind to substrate molecules/reactants allowing substrate to be changed

Reactant is broken down and enzyme can be reused
(Lock and key mechanism)

Question 8

What can happen to enzymes at extreme temperature and pH

What happens

Answer 8

They can become denatured so enzyme activity stops

Bonds in the protein break and shape of the active site is changed irreversibly, enzyme and substrate cannot bind
Lock and key mechanism no longer works

Question 9

How could mutations be beneficial

Answer 9

The new function could function better

Question 10

How is mutation frequency increased

Answer 10

Exposure to:
UV light
Radioactive substances
X-rays 
Chemicals

Question 11

How could a mutation be caused

Answer 11

If base sequence changes, sequence of amino acids changes
different proteins are produced
This caused the gene to change

This gene can be passed on through mitosis