Proteins Flashcards
What is the monomer for proteins? What are proteins used for?
Amino acids help form proteins, which are used for metabolic and structural roles like in bone and muscle.
What is the structure of amino acids? How do they form proteins?
Amino acids have an amino group (Nh2) , an acid group (COOH) and an R group which is specified depending on the amino acid. Forms proteins by joining
What are two joined amino acids called?
Depeptide, formed during a condensation reaction where h2o is removed.
What do proteins contain? What is the acronym for this?
They contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Phosphorus and Sulphur. The acronym is CHONS
What is the primary structure for proteins like?
The structure is AA-AA-AA-AA, showing amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
What is the secondary structure for proteins like? Why are the bonds strong?
Has hydrogen and peptide bonds, it’s helical and pleated due to the coiling and folding as a result of the hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen is slightly positive and the oxygen is slightly negative therefore hydrogen bonds are strong and between amino acids.
What is the tertiary structure for proteins like?
Has hydrogen, ionic, peptide, and disulfide bridges (bonds) and is highly coiled and folded. Has globular and fibrous proteins.
What is the quaternary structure of protein like?
Has hydrogen, ionic, peptide, disulfide bridges (bonds) and hydrophobic reactions. The structure is highly coiled and can have iron attached. Highly complex proteins held together by chains. More than 1 chain with a phosphate group.
What is the denaturation of proteins?
An alteration of the tertiary structure. The loss of the 3D shape is often irreversible and therefore the protein isn’t functional.
How does a protein become denatured?
Breaking of hydrogen & ionic bonds
High temperature
Extreme pH changes and by heavy metals
How do you test for proteins?
The biuret test. Add biuret reagent to a sample.
Purple = positive
Blue = negative
What is the hydrolysis of proteins?
Heat with an acid or using enzymes (professes) at optimum temperature.
What are globular proteins?
Soluble proteins with a specific 3D shape e.g. enzymes, hormones, antibodies, haemoglobin. Highly folded and coiled polypeptide chains to produce complex structure.
What are fibrous proteins?
Long, thin and insoluble, usually have structural functions such as keratin in hair and collagen in connective tissue.
