Proteins

Question 1

How do amino acids get to the liver?

Answer 1

Hepatic portal vein

Question 2

How do amino acids enter the cell?

Answer 2

By active transport with Na.

Question 3

What are the 4 main groups of protein transporters for?

Answer 3

Basic amino acids
Acidic amino acids
Neutral amino acids
Proline and hydroxyproline

Question 4

Where in the GI system does most protein absorption occur?

Answer 4

Ileum

Question 5

What is the main amino acid in the blood?

Answer 5

Alanine

Question 6

How is pepsin activated?

Answer 6

Pepsin is cleaved from pepsin often by HCl

Question 7

What are the 2 ways proteins are opened up in the stomach?

Answer 7

By pepsin and by HCl which denatures the protein

Question 8

What 3 pancreatic proteases (inactive form) are released in the duodenum?

Answer 8

Tripsinogen, chymotrypsimogen and procarboxypeptidase

Question 9

How are the 3 proteases in the duodenum activated?

Answer 9

Enterokinase stimulates their release from the pancreas. Esterokinase activates trypsin which then activates chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase.

Question 10

Where is breakdown of proteins completed?

Answer 10

Brush border of the small intestine

Question 11

Name six functions of proteins

Answer 11

Transport, structure, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, fluid balance, acid-base balance and channels and pumps

Question 12

Nine the six nonpolar aliphatic amino acids

Answer 12

Lysine, alanine, valine, leucine, methionine and isoleucine

Question 13

Name the three aromatic amino acids

Answer 13

Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan

Question 14

Name the six polar aliphatic amino acids

Answer 14

Serine, threonine, cysteine, proline, asparagine and glutamine

Question 15

What three amino acid have positively charged R groups?

Answer 15

Lysine, arginine and histidine

Question 16

What do you mean amino acids have negatively charged R groups?

Answer 16

Aspartate and glutamate