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NPLEX - Biochemistry > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Which amino acids are precursors for catecholamine?

A

Phe and Tyr

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2
Q

What is marasmus?

A

severe malnutrition caused by nutrient deficiencies, especially proteins and carbohydrates

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3
Q

Which amino acid does melatonin come from?

A

tryptophan

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4
Q

Which amino acid does nitric oxide come from?

A

arginine

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5
Q

Which amino acid is an important methyl donor?

A

Met

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6
Q

Which amino acid does niacin come from?

A

tryptophan

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7
Q

Which amino acids are purely ketogenic?

A

Leu and Lys

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8
Q

What is the chemical difference between pyruvate and alanine?

A

NH3 group

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9
Q

Name the positively and negatively charged amino acids.

A

positive: Lys, Arg, His
negative: Asp, Glu

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10
Q

Name the six polar uncharged amino acids.

A

Ser, Thr, Cys, Met, Asp, Gln

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11
Q

Which amino acids can disrupt normal secondary protein structure?

A

Pro, Gly

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12
Q

Which amino acid does dopamine come from?

A

tyrosine, which comes from phenylalanine

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13
Q

Which amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic?

A

Tyr, Ile, Phe, Trp

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14
Q

What are the ten essential amino acids?

A

Phe, Val, Thr, Trp, Ile, Met, His, Arg, Lys, Leu

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15
Q

Where in the cell does protein synthesis occur?

A

cytoplasm

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16
Q

Is the urea cycle reversible?

A

no

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17
Q

What two amino acids are acidic and negatively charged at body pH?

A

Asp, Glu

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18
Q

Which group of amino acids is associated with maple syrup disease?

A

branched chain amino acids (Val, Leu, Ile)

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19
Q

Which two amino acids are essential during growth, but not the rest of the time?

A

Arg, His (conditionally essential)

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20
Q

Which amino acids does heme come from?

A

porphyrin comes from glycine

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21
Q

NH4 + CO2, leads to ___, which enters the urea cycle where?

A

carbamoyl phosphate

enters at the conversion of ornithine to citrulline

22
Q

Which reactions of the urea cycle happen in the mitochondria?

A

carbamoyl phosphate is formed and is added to ornithine to make citrulline

23
Q

What amino acid is a precursor of GABA?

A

Glu

24
Q

Disulfide bonds are created between adjacent molecules of which amino acid?

A

Cysteine

25
Q

Which amino acid does norepinephrine and epinephrine come from?

A

tyrosine, via dopamine

26
Q

What is an enzyme that hydrolyzes a peptide bond called?

A

proteolytic enzyme

27
Q

List six nonpolar, aliphatic amino acids.

A

Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro

28
Q

Name the five steps of the urea cycle, starting with aspartate.

A

aspartate to arginosuccinate to arginine to ornithine to citrulline to arginosuccinate

29
Q

What organs does the urea cycle occur in?

A

primarily in the liver, also kidney

30
Q

Which amino acids can be glycosylated? What is the clinical significance?

A

Ser, Thr, and Lys

The lysine moiety of heme gets glycosylated in hyperglycemia (HbA1c)

31
Q

What is the function of the urea cycle?

A

dispose of excess nitrogen

32
Q

What are the three secondary structural conformations for proteins?

A

alpha helix, beta sheet, random coil

33
Q

Which amino acid does thyroxine come from?

A

tyrosine, which comes from phenylalanine

34
Q

Which amino acid can form serotonin and niacin?

A

Trp

35
Q

What part of the cell does the urea cycle occur in?

A

1st 2 rxns: mitochondria

the rest in the cytoplasm

36
Q

What are the immediate precursors of both molecules that make up urea (ammonium and aspartate)?

A

glutamate provides free ammonium and is also converted into aspartate

37
Q

Name the three aromatic amino acids.

A

Phe, Tyr, Trp

38
Q

Name the two purely ketogenic amino acids.

A

Leu, Lys

39
Q

How many nitrogen are in urea?

A

2

40
Q

What amino acid does creatinine come from?

A

Arg

41
Q

Define negative nitrogen balance.

A

nitrogen loss exceeds incorporation

42
Q

Which amino acid does NADP come from?

A

Trp, via niacin

43
Q

What role does alanine play in nitrogen transport?

A

alanine carries nitrogen groups from muscles to liver

44
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

protein malnutrition resulting in skin lesion, edema, liver malfunction (fatty change)

45
Q

Which amino acid does urea come from?

A

Arg (NH3 is donated by glutamate)

46
Q

Which amino acid is involved in the detoxification of ammonia?

A

Gln

47
Q

Which amino acids are also important excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

Asp, Glu

48
Q

Name the nine hydrophobic amino acids.

A

Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe, Tyr, Trp

49
Q

Which amino acid does histamine come from?

A

His

50
Q

Which amino acid does serotonin come from?

A

Trp

51
Q

Which amino acid is an important physiological (pH) buffer?

A

His

NPLEX - Biochemistry (8 decks)

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