Proteins Flashcards
What elements can be found in some proteins?
Few proteins contain other elements such as I, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe.
What is the molecular weight range of protein molecules?
Protein molecules have a high molecular weight ranging from 5,000 to 2,500,000.
What are the monomers of proteins called?
The small units that proteins can be broken down into are called amino acids.
How many standard amino acids are proteins made up of?
Proteins are made up of 20 standard amino acids in different sequences and numbers.
What is the main structural role of proteins in the body?
Proteins are the main structural components of the cytoskeleton and are the sole source to replace nitrogen in the body.
What are enzymes?
Biochemical catalysts known as enzymes are proteins.
What role do immunoglobulins play in the body?
Immunoglobulins serve as the first line of defense against bacterial and viral infections.
What are some examples of proteins that serve as hormones?
Several hormones are protein in nature.
What are contractile proteins and give examples?
Contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin, help in the movement of muscle fibers.
What is the function of transport proteins?
Transport proteins carry out the function of transporting specific substances either across the membrane or in body fluids.
What do storage proteins do?
Storage proteins bind with specific substances and store them, e.g., iron is stored as ferritin.
What are chromoproteins?
Chromoproteins are proteins with colored prosthetic groups, such as hemoglobin and flavoproteins.
What is the classification of proteins based on composition?
Proteins can be classified as simple proteins, conjugated proteins, and derived proteins.
What are simple proteins?
Simple proteins yield only amino acids and no other major organic or inorganic hydrolysis products.
What are conjugated proteins?
Conjugated proteins yield amino acids and other organic and inorganic components.
What are lipoproteins?
Lipoproteins are proteins loosely combined with lipid components, occurring in blood and on cell membranes.
What are metalloproteins?
Metalloproteins contain a metal ion as their prosthetic group, such as ferritin containing Fe.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.
What defines the secondary structure of a protein?
The secondary structure refers to the local structure of a polypeptide chain, determined by hydrogen bonds.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The tertiary structure is the overall three-dimensional shape formed by the folding of the polypeptide chain.
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
The quaternary structure refers to a complex of two or more separate peptide chains held together by interactions.
What are the general properties of proteins?
Proteins are tasteless, odourless, and their viscosity varies with concentration and type.
What is the isoelectric point (pI) of proteins?
At the isoelectric pH, a protein exists as a dipolar ion, carrying equal numbers of positive and negative charges.
