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2.1.2 Biological Molecules > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some functions of proteins?

A
  • Enzymes
  • Membrane proteins
  • Antibodies
  • Structure (keratin and collagen)
  • Haemoglobin
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2
Q

What elements can proteins contain?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur

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3
Q

What monomer makes up proteins?

A

Amino acids

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4
Q

What do all amino acids contain?

A
  • Central carbon atom
  • Amine group (NH₂)
  • Carboxyl group (COOH)
  • Hydrogen (H)
  • R-group (different for all amino acids)
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5
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

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6
Q

How do amino acids join together and what do they form?

A
  • Condensation reaction
  • Polypeptide polymers
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7
Q

What are polypeptides broken down into and by what reaction?

A
  • Monomers (amino acids)
  • Hydrolysis reaction
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8
Q

What two amino acids contain sulfur?

A

Methionine and Cysteine

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9
Q

What are the four protein structures?

A
  • Primary structure
  • Secondary Structure
  • Tertiary structure
  • Quaternary structure
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10
Q

What is primary structure?

A

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

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11
Q

What type of bond is formed when amino acid monomers are joined together?

A

Peptide bond

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12
Q

What two types of secondary structure are there?

A
  • Alpha helix
  • Beta pleated sheet
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13
Q

What type of bond forms between the amine and carboxy group of amino acids?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

What is tertiary structure?

A

When a polypeptide chain forms a 3D structure (further coiling of the helix or pleated sheet)

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15
Q

What types of bonds are there in tertiary structures?

A
  • Hydrogen (weakest)
  • Ionic -> formed between R-groups and easily broken by pH change
  • Disulphide (strongest -> S=S)
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16
Q

What structure allows the formation of active sites and gives functionality to proteins?

A

Tertiary structure

17
Q

What is quaternary structure?

A
  • Multiple polypeptide chains working together (this forms complex proteins e.g collagen & haemoglobin)
  • Often contain non-protein (PROSTHETIC) groups (e.g haem in haemoglobin)
18
Q

What structure do globular proteins have?

A

Complex tertiary and sometimes quaternary structure

19
Q

Describe the structure (shape) of gkobular proteins

A

Roughly spherical

20
Q

Are globular proteins usually soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble (hydrophobic side chains in centre of structure)

21
Q

What is a role of globular proteins?

A

Metabolic reactions

22
Q

What structure do fibrous proteins have?

A

Little/no tertiary structure

23
Q

Describe the structure (shape) of fibrous proteins?

A
  • Long parallel polypeptide chains
  • Cross linkages at intervals forming long fibres or sheets

2.1.2 Biological Molecules (5 decks)

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