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Biology 2.1.2: Biological Molecules > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

A monomer which makes up proteins

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2
Q

What does the shape/function of a protein depend on?

A

Sequence, type and number of amino acids

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3
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

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4
Q

What is the general structure of an amino acid?

A

-Central Carbon
-NH2 amine group on left
-COOH carboxylic group on right
-H on bottom
-R group on top

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5
Q

How are proteins joined?

A

Peptide bonds

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6
Q

Describe how a peptide bond forms

A

-Hydroxyl of carboxylic acid and hydrogen of amine group are lost (1 water molecule)
-Remaining carbon and double oxygen, bond to nitrogen of adjacent amino acid
-Water is released
-Condensation reaction

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7
Q

Describe the primary structure of a protein

A

-Sequence of amino acids
-Peptide bonds

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8
Q

Describe the secondary structure of a protein

A

-Initial folding of polypeptide chain
-Hydrogen bonding
-Alpha helix or beta pleated sheets

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9
Q

Describe the tertiary structure of a protein

A

-Overall 3D shape
-Hydrogen & ionic bonding

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10
Q

Describe the Quaternary structure of a protein

A

-2+ polypeptide chains stacked to form a single protein molecule
-Hydrogen bonding & disulphide bridges

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11
Q

What is a globular protein?

A

-Almost spherical
-Soluble
-Metabolic functions

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12
Q

What is a fibrous protein?

A

-Regular amino acid sequence
-Insoluble
-Structural functions

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13
Q

Describe the structure of elastin

A

-Fibrous
-Short sequence of 3-9 amino acids
-Flexible
-Recoils after being deformed
-Insoluble

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14
Q

Describe the function of elastin

A

-Allows tissues in the body to shrink out and back
e.g. Bladder, Lungs

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15
Q

Describe the structure of collagen

A

-Fibrous
-Triple helix
-Flexible
-No stretch
-Insoluble

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16
Q

Describe the function of collagen

A

-Provides structural support
e.g. Tendons, Cartilage

17
Q

Describe the function of keratin

A

-Fibrous
-Provides support and protection for hair, skin and nails
-Insoluble

18
Q

Describe the function of insulin

A

-Globular
-Allows glucose to enter cells
-Maintains glucose concentration
-Specific, fixed shape

19
Q

Describe the structure of haemoglobin

A

-Globular
-Iron haem group
-4 polypeptides
-Conjugated
-2 alpha and beta subunits
-Soluble

20
Q

Describe the function of haemoglobin

A

-Transports oxygen around the body

21
Q

Describe the function of enzymes

A

-Globular
-Catalyses chemical reactions
e.g. amylase

Biology 2.1.2: Biological Molecules (7 decks)

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