Proteins

Question 1

What are some of the roles proteins can play?

Answer 1

-Transport Nutrients throughout the body.
-Help chemical reactions happen at faster rates.
-Build the structures that make up living things.

Question 2

What is the name of building blocks that make up proteins? How many are there?

Answer 2

Amino acids, there are 21.

Question 3

What are amino acids made of?

Answer 3

Carbon, Oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen. Some contain Sulfur atoms,

Question 4

What is the only standard amino acid that contains a selenium atom?

Answer 4

Selenocysteine.

Question 5

What are the names of the groups amino acids form?

Answer 5

Amino group and a carboxyl group. These is also side chain. All of these are attached to a carbon atom.

Question 6

What determines an amino acid’s properties?

Answer 6

The side chain as this is the only part that varies from amino acid to amino acid.

Question 7

What makes a hydrophobic amino acid hydrophobic?

Answer 7

Carbon-rich side chains which don’t interact well with water.

Question 8

Do Hydrophilic/polar amino acids interact well with water?

Answer 8

Yes.

Question 9

What does a charged amino acid do?

Answer 9

Interact with oppositely charged amino acids or other molecules.

Question 10

What is the primary structure of proteins?

Answer 10

A linear sequence of amino acids as encoded by DNA.

Question 11

What are the amino acids in a protein joined by?

Answer 11

Peptide bonds, which link the amino group of amino acid to the carboxyl group of another.

Question 12

What molecule is released each time a peptide bond occurs?

Answer 12

A water molecule.

Question 13

What makes up the proteins backbone?

Answer 13

The linked series of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms.

Question 14

What are the two secondary structures protein chains often fold into?

Answer 14

Alpha helices or Beta sheets.

Question 15

What is an Alpha Helix?

Answer 15

A right-handed coil stabilised by hydrogen bonds between the amine and carboxyl groups of nearby amino acids.

Question 16

How are beta sheets formed?

Answer 16

When Hydrogen bonds stabilise two or more adjacent strands of amino acids.

Question 17

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 17

The three-dimensional shape of the protein chain.

Question 18

What is the tertiary shape of the protein determined by?

Answer 18

The characteristics of the amino acids making up the chain.

Question 19

Many proteins form-

Answer 19

globular shapes with hydrophobic side chains sheltered inside, away from surrounding water molecules.

Question 20

What do Membrane-bound proteins have?

Answer 20

Hydrophobic amino acid residues clustered together on the exterior so that hydrophobic side chains can interact with the lipids in the membrane.

Question 21

What allows proteins to interact with molecules that have complimentary charges?

Answer 21

Charged amino acids.

Question 22

What does the function of many proteins rely on?

Answer 22

Their three dimensional shapes.

Question 23

What does a hemoglobin form a pocket to hold?

Answer 23

Heme, a small molecule with an iron atom in the centre that binds oxygen.

Question 24

Can two or more polypeptide chains come together to form a functional molecule?

Answer 24

Yes, the molecule created has several subunits.

Question 25

What do the four subunits of hemoglobin cooperate to do?

Answer 25

Give the complex the ability to more easily pick up more oxygen in the lungs and release it into the body.

Question 26

What can give us clues about the protein structure and function?

Answer 26

Different visual representations.

Question 27

What is a space filling diagram?

Answer 27

A diagram showing all atoms that are making up the protein.

Question 28

What does a ribbon are cartoon diagram show?

Answer 28

The organisation of the protein backbone and highlights of the alpha helices.

Question 29

What does a surface diagram show?

Answer 29

Areas that are accessible to water molecules.

Question 30

Are most proteins smaller than the wavelength of light?

Answer 30

Yes.

Question 31

How many hemoglobin molecules does a typical red blood cell contain?

Answer 31

280 million

Question 32

The three dimensional shape of proteins do not determine their function. True or false?

Answer 32

False. The three dimensional shape does determine their function.

Question 33

How do antibodies protect us from disease?

Answer 33

Their flexible arms protect us by recognising and binding to pathogens are targeting them for destruction by the immune system.