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Biology 2.1.2 - Biological Molecules > proteins > Flashcards

proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an amino acid?

A

a monomer which makes up a protein

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2
Q

what does the shape/function of a protein depend on?

A

sequency, type and number of amino acids

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3
Q

how many amino acids are there?

A

20

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4
Q

what is the general structure of an amino acid?

A

amine group, carboxyl group and R-group

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5
Q

how are proteins joined?

A

peptide bonds

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6
Q

describe how a peptide bond forms

A
  • hydroxyl of carboxylic acid and hydrogen of amine group are lost (1 water molecule)
  • remaining carbon and double oxygen, bond to nitrogen of adjacent amino acid
  • water is released
  • condensation reaction
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7
Q

describe the primary structure of a protein

A

the sequence of amino acids

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8
Q

describe the secondary structure of a protein

A
  • initial folding of polypeptide chain
  • hydrogen bonding
  • alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
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9
Q

describe the tertiary structure of a protein

A
  • overall 3D shape
  • hydrogen and ionic bonds
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10
Q

describe the quaternary structure of a protein

A
  • 2+ polypeptide chains stacked to form a single protein molecule
  • hydrogen bonding & disulfide bridges
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11
Q

describe the structure of a globular protein

A
  • roughly spherical
  • compact
  • soluble
  • role in metabolic functions
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12
Q

describe the structure of a fibrous protein

A
  • insoluble
  • structural proteins
  • aren’t folded into complex 3D shapes (no tertiary structure)
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13
Q

describe conjugated protein

A

globular proteins that contain a prosthetic group

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14
Q

describe the structure of elastin

A
  • fibrous
  • short sequences of 3-9 amino acids
  • flexible
  • recoils
  • insoluble
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15
Q

describe the function of elastin

A

allows tissues in the body to expand and recoil (eg. bladder, lungs)

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16
Q

describe the structure of collagen

A
  • fibrous
  • triple helix
  • flexible
  • no stretch
  • insoluble
17
Q

describe the function of collagen

A

provides structural support (eg. tendons, cartilage)

18
Q

describe the function of keratin

A
  • fibrous
  • high proportion of sulfur to form strong disulfide bonds
  • strong
  • inflexible
  • insoluble
19
Q

describe the function of keratin

A

protective barrier + formation of hair, skin and nails

Biology 2.1.2 - Biological Molecules (6 decks)

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