Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biological molecules > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

How are proteins connected?

A

Through the chemical and physical activities of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different forms that proteins function as?

A

Enzymes, hormones, antibodies, oxygen transporters,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do proteins form?

A

majority of the skin, hair, feathers, nails, and cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

basics of proteins?

A

3d molecules, building blocks of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

properties of amino acids

A

> grouped by polarity
variable R groups (side chains) confer different properties to each amino acid
polar, water soluble
non polar, water insoluble
positively charged
negatively charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many proteinogenic amino acids build humans?

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are non essential amino acids made?

A

in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where do essential amino acids come from?

A

eaten in our diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

When many amino acid monomers can be joined together through a series of condensation reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a polypeptide?

A

Formed from the condensation of many amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What bond are the amino acids binded by in a protein?

A

Peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are amino acids?

A

The monomers that bind together to form polymers called polypeptides (proteins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What group is NH2 in an amino acid?

A

The amine group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what group is COOH in an amino acid?

A

the carboxyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What group is H in an amino acid?

A

A hydrogen atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What group is R in an amino acid?

A

the side group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is the R group the same across all amino acids?

A

No they are different in each amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the R group determine in an amino acid?

A

How the amino acid interacts and bonds with other amino acids in the polypeptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the central carbon in an amino acid?

A

The control/ alpha carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many different amino acids are common in all organisms?

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does glycine have in its R group?

A

A hydrogen atom. It is the only amino acid that does not have carbon in its R group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are polypeptides made from?

A

Chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are end terminals of polypeptides?

A

Amino acids at the end of each polypeptide chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the N terminal

A

amine terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the C terminal

A

the carboxyl terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What parts of the amino acids bind together forming a peptide bond?

A

The carboxyl group of the first amino acid and the amine group of the second amino acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What molecule is released as a by product of the peptide bond?

A

A single water molecule

24
Q

What type of bond is a peptide bond?

A

A covalent bond

25
Q

Functions of proteins- antibodies

A
  • Made up of polypeptide chains
  • Used in immune response
  • Antibodies are diverse proteins
  • Each antibody has a different series of amino acids
26
Q

Does each antibody have the same series of amino acids?

A

No- Each antibody has a different series of amino acids

27
Q

What are diverse proteins?

A

Antibodies

28
Q

What do transport proteins/ channel proteins do?

A

They transport molecules across the cell membrane, as well as transporting molecules that are too large to diffuse freely or molecules that carry charge

29
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts

30
Q

How are most enzymes structured?

A

They are tightly folded, complex proteins that are soluble and help increase the rate of reaction

31
Q

What are structural proteins?

A

Long, strong polypeptide chains

32
Q

How are structural proteins connected?

A

They are connected by cross links that hold the chains parallel to eachother

33
Q

What are examples of structural proteins?

A

Collagen and Keratin

34
Q

What determines the primary structure of a protein?

A

The order of amino acids, and the gene encoding of the protein

35
Q

What happens if there is a change in the nucleotide sequence of the genes coding region?

A

Possibly a different amino acid being added to the growing polypeptide chain which could change the proteins structure and function.

36
Q

What forms the secondary structure of a protein?

A

Folding between amino acids in the polypeptide chain, as well as hydrogen bonds

37
Q

How are hydrogen bonds involved in the secondary structure of a protein?

A

Amino acids form hydrogen bonds between other amino acids in the chain. This causes the protein to fold into specific structures, and the folding of the polypeptide determines the secondary structure

38
Q

What are common secondary structures of proteins?

A

Alpha helix, and beta pleated sheets

39
Q

What is an example of an alpha helix structure?

A

Rhodopsin (pigment in the eyes)

40
Q

What is an example of the beta pleated sheets structure?

A

Silk

41
Q

Is the secondary structure of a protein stable?

A

Yes as individual hydrogen bonds are weak however there are many bonds across the molecule, leading to high stability of the protein.

42
Q

What can weaken the hydrogen bonds in the secondary structure of a protein?

A

Environmental factors such as temperature or pH

43
Q

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

The secondary polypeptide folds further to form a tertiary three dimensional polypeptide chain

44
Q

How are the R groups of amino acids relevant to the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

Interactions between R groups create the complex 3d tertiary structure of proteins.

45
Q

what is the 3d tertiary structure?

A

It is usually coiled or folded

46
Q

What happens when a protein loses its 3d shape?

A

It may no longer be able to function

47
Q

What interactions are there that determine the final 3d shape of a protein?

A

Weak and strong interactions- ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges

48
Q
A
49
Q

What does the buiret test detect?

A

Peptide bonds, showing that a protein is present

50
Q

what three aspects are there of the induced fit model?

A

1 The enzyme- substrate molecule
2 The enzymes substrate complex (when the substrate binds to the active site.
3 enzyme + product molecule (when the products are released from the enzyme

51
Q

Are ionic bonds between amino acids common?

A

No they are quite rare

52
Q

How do amino acids make ionic bonds?

A

Charged amino acids have a positively or negatively charged ion in their side chain(R group). Charged amino acids can form relatively strong ionic bonds with other charged amino acids

53
Q

What are disulfide bridges also known as?

A

s-s bonds or disulfide bonds

54
Q

What are disulfide bridges?

A

Covalent bonds within proteins containing cyteine (CYS) amino acids

55
Q

What are the features of hydrogen bonds in amino acids?

A

They are relatively weak individually but when there are many of them, the overall stability of the tertiary structure increases

56
Q

What is the quarternary structure of proteins?

A

Multiple 3d polypeptides joined together in one protein

57
Q

Summary of the primary structure

A

A sequence of amino acids

58
Q

Summary of secondary structure

A

Folding between amino acids in the polypeptide chain, with hydrogen bonds

59
Q

Summary of tertiary structure

A

3D structure made up of ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges.

60
Q

Summary of quarternary structure

A

multiple polypeptides joined in one protein

61
Q

What factors determine proteins conformation?

A

-Occurs during protein synthesis within cells.
-Depends on physical conditions of the environment (pH, temp, salinity etc)

62
Q

What can change in environment lead to?

A

Denaturation of a protein, and a denatured protein is biologically inactive. However it can renature if primary structure is not lost.

Biological molecules (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions