Proteins Flashcards
What are amino acids
The building blocks from which proteins are formed
What functional groups do amino acids contain
Contain the amino/amine group(-NH2)
And the carboxyl group(-COOH)
What are proteins
Condensation polymers
They are made of amino acid molecules that are linked together by condensation reactions
What happens to amino acids when they undergo condensation reactions
The amine group of 1 amino acid and the carboxyl group of another join and water is eliminated (similar to esters)
What is the link that forms during condensation reactions called
Peptide/amide link (-CONH)
What are essential amino acids
Amino acids that the body cannot make. They have to be supplied by our diet.
What are enzymes
Biological catalysts
What is hydrolysis
The process of breaking proteins into amino acids
Describe the structure of proteins
Long chain molecules that form sheets, spirals and other complex shapes. These shapes give it a specific job.
What happens when a protein is heated
Intermolecular bonds are broken allowing the protein to change shape. This is called denaturing (- stops it from being able to do its job)
What functional groups do aldehydes contain
Carbonyl functional group (C=O) on the END of the carbon chain
(Name as u would an alkane but with an -al on the end i.e. Propanal)
What functional groups do ketones contain
Carbonyl group (C=O)
In the MIDDLE of the carbon chain
For ketones names end in -one (must include carbon number of carbonyl group i.e. Propan-2-one)
What are oxidation reactions
An carbon compounds it involves an increase in an increase in oxygen to hydrogen ratio (losing an H or gaining an O)
Describe the oxidising agent hot copper (II) oxide
> its weak
changes from black to brown
1• alcohol ~> aldehyde
2• alcohol ~> ketone
Describe the oxidising agent Acidified Dichromate (VI) solutions (K2Cr2O7)
> its strong
changes from orange to green
1• alcohol ~> aldehyde ~> carboxylic acid
2• alcohol ~> ketone