proteins

Question 1

example of globular proteins

Answer 1

compact spheres: haemoglobin, albumin

Question 2

example of fibrous proteins

Answer 2

filamentous molecules: collagen, keratin

Question 3

examples of soluble proteins

Answer 3

dissolve in water: haemoglobin, immunoglobulins

Question 4

examples of membrane proteins

Answer 4

associated with membranes: glucose transporter

Question 5

6 biological functions of enzymes

Answer 5

part of metabolic pathways - glycolysis
signal transduction and cell regulation - kinases and phosphatases
digestion - amylases, proteases
movement - myosin
energy production - ATP synthase
drug metabolism - monooxygenases

Question 6

3 examples of enzymes as drug targets

Answer 6

angiotensin-converting-enzyme - hypertension
3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase - lowering LDL cholesterol
d-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase - bacterial infection

Question 7

2 examples of enzymes as diagnostic markers

Answer 7

creatine phosphokinase - myocardial infarction
aspartate amino transferase - liver disease

Question 8

2 examples of enzymes in inborn errors of metabolism

Answer 8

phenylalanine hydroxylase - phenylketonuria
clotting factor VIII - haemophilia

Question 9

how does penicillin work

Answer 9

inhibits the transpeptidase that crosslinks bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan strands

Question 10

how does aspirin work

Answer 10

inhibits COX activity that reduces inflammation

Question 11

what are sulfonamides

Answer 11

competitive inhibitors of bacterial dihydropteroate synthase
substrate analogue of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

Question 12

how do calcium channel blockers work

Answer 12

non-competitive inhibitors of L-type calcium channels