Proteins Flashcards
What is protein?
A macronutrient
What is protein made from?
Amino acids.
What are HBV proteins?
Proteins containing all 20 essential amino acids.
What are LBV proteins?
Proteins that only contain some of the 20 essential amino acids.
What is protein complementation?
When you combine multiple LBV proteins in a meal to make sure you have all 20 essential amino acids.
Give 3 examples of protein complementation meals.
Rice and peas
Beans on toast
Lentil soup and bread
How many essential amino acids do adults and children need?
Children: 10
Adults: 8
Why do children need more amino acids than adults?
Because they are still growing.
What are the HBV sources of protein?
Animal products: Meat, fish, poultry, milk, cheese, yoghurt, eggs.
What are the LBV sources of protein?
Plant products: Mycoprotein (Quorn), tofu, TVP, tempeh, nuts, lentils, beans, peas, cereals.
What are the four functions of protein in the body?
To create natural substances.
Growth
To repair the body.
Energy.
How does protein create natural substances?
Enzymes, hormones and antibodies are made of protein. Enzymes are needed for digestion, hormones are needed for growth and antibodies are needed to fight infection.
How does protein help the body grow?
Grow from a baby to adult.
Grow hair and nails.
How does protein repair the body?
After injury or illness.
Replace cells, e.g. skin cells.
Why is energy not a main function of protein?
The body prefers to use fats and carbohydrates for energy.
What are the four effects of a protein deficiency?
Inability to digest.
Skin and nails in poor condition.
Hair loss.
Lack of growth in children.
How does a lack of protein cause an inability to digest?
Digestive system must change, so cannot absorb nutrients.
How does a lack of protein cause skin and nails to be in poor condition?
They contain protein, so cannot be maintained properly.
Why does a lack of protein cause hair loss?
The body will use its limited amount of protein for something essential.
What is the effect of excess protein on the body and why?
Liver and kidneys are harmed. This is because protein contains nitrogen, and an excess amount can be harmful. It must be excreted by urine so the liver and kidneys have to work harder.
