Proteins

Question 1

What are proteins polymers made of

Answer 1

Amino acids

Question 2

How many standard AA are out there

Answer 2

20

Question 3

What is the name of the bond that links the AA in polypeptide chain

Answer 3

Peptide bonds

Question 4

Does each protein have a unique sequence of AA?

Answer 4

Yes, There are many amino acids so each protein has a unique sequence as each serve a different function

Question 5

Why do we need to know protein structure

Answer 5

To know what the function of the protein is

Question 6

What are the main techniques used to determine protein structure

Answer 6

Protein crystallography - uses x-ray, electron cryo-microscopy, NMR spectroscopy

Question 7

Name a protein involved with DNA replication

Answer 7

DNA polymerase - it bonds to one strand of DNA and adds the complementary strand to it

Question 8

Name a protein involved with RNA replication

Answer 8

RNA polymerase - creates a single strand of RNA that is complementary to one of the strands of duplex DNA.

Question 9

Name a protein involved with oxygen transport

Answer 9

Hemoglobin - binds to O in the lungs and carries it in the blood to tissues for use in metabolism.

Question 10

Name a protein involved with immune protection

Answer 10

Antibodies - bind to cellular invaders like bacteria and viruses to help protect the body from infection

Question 11

Name a protein involved with Digestion

Answer 11

Trypsin - an enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion.
Any enzyme that breaks down proteins is called a protease
Amylase - an enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars, found in saliva and pancreatic juices

Question 12

Name a protein involved with metabolism

Answer 12

Alcohol dehydrogenase - an enzyme that help metabolise ethanol.
Hexokinase - an enzyme that adds a phosphate to glucose after glucose is taken up by the cell.
ATP synthase - makes ATP for use in cellular functions