Protein Test

Question 1

Channel

Answer 1

A type of transport protein that is an open passageway for the facilitated diffusion of ions or molecules across a membrane

Question 2

Transporters

Answer 2

A type of transport protein that binds to their solute and undergoes conformational changes

Question 3

Active Transport

Answer 3

Transmembrane proteins move ions or molecules ACROSS a membrane AGAINST their concentratration gradient

Question 4

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 4

Transmembrane proteins assist passive transport of substances that can not cross on their own DOWN their concentration gradient

Question 5

Hypotonic

Answer 5

Solution that has a LOWER solute concentration on one side of the membrane than the other side

Question 6

Hypertonic

Answer 6

Solution that has a HIGHER solute concentration on one side of the membrane than the other side

Question 7

Osmosis

Answer 7

Movement of WATER down its concentration gradient

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

Spontaneous movement of molecules and ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 9

Phospholipid Bilayer

Answer 9

Basic structure of biological membranes

Question 10

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 10

Depiction of the plasma membrane as a semi-fluid phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates attached to lipids and/or proteins

Question 11

Integral Membrane Protein

Answer 11

A type of membrane protein that is integrated into the hydrophobic region of the membrane

Question 12

Peripheral Membrane Protein

Answer 12

Protein non-covalently attached to protein or lipid in the lipid bilayer

Question 13

Beta Pleated Sheet

Answer 13

A secondary structure motif in which regions of the polypeptide lie parallel to each other

Question 14

Quaternary Structure

Answer 14

The combination of more than one polypeptide, called subunits, into one structure, or complex

Question 15

Tertiary Structure

Answer 15

A protein’s distinctive 3 dimensional shape

Question 16

Alpha Helix

Answer 16

The secondary structure of a coiled polypeptide

Question 17

Amino Acids

Answer 17

Specific subunit of protein polymers

Question 18

Carboxyl Group

Answer 18

Part of an amino acid that is notated -COOH

Question 19

Amino Group

Answer 19

Part of an amino acid that is notated -NH2

Question 20

C-Terminus

Answer 20

Carboxyl end of a polypeptide

Question 21

N-Terminus

Answer 21

Amino end of an amino acid chain

Question 22

Polypeptide

Answer 22

A chain of amino acids bonded together

Question 23

Peptide Bond

Answer 23

The C-N covalent bond that is formed between the carboxyl group of an amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid

Question 24

Polymer

Answer 24

A structure of multiple monomers bonded together

Question 25

Monomer

Answer 25

A molecular subunit used to build a macromolecule

Question 26

What are proteins made of?

Answer 26

Amino acids

Question 27

What are the correct components of an amino acid?

Answer 27

Carboxyl group, central carbon atom, amino group, R group

Question 28

What type of solution are amino acids always inside?

Answer 28

Aqueous solutions

Question 29

What is the proper path for the creation of proteins?

Answer 29

DNA->RNA->Polypeptide->protein

Question 30

How many different amino acids are there?

Answer 30

20

Question 31

How many of the amino acids are labeled as essential amino acids?

Answer 31

9

Question 32

List the 4 groups of amino acids

Answer 32

1. Non-polar 2. Polar positive charge (fully positive) 3. Negative Polar (fully negative) 4. Polar partial charge (partial)

Question 33

How do R groups affect the amino acid?

Answer 33

Determines function, how they fold, determines their reactivity

Question 34

What determines the reactivity and level of folding in proteins?

Answer 34

R-group

Question 35

What reaction causes amino acids to join together?

Answer 35

Dehydration

Question 36

What type of bond is formed due to the joining of amino acids?

Answer 36

Peptide bonds

Question 37

Describe what makes a primary structure in proteins

Answer 37

Linear chain of amino acids, sequence is determined by genes

Question 38

What bonds are formed when an amino acid is charged?

Answer 38

Ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 39

What bonds are formed when an amino acid is polar?

Answer 39

Hydrogen bonds

Question 40

How are non-polar amino acid R-groups held together?

Answer 40

Using van der Waals forces

Question 41

What does protein shape determine?

Answer 41

Determines function of the protein