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Bio 181 > Protein Test > Flashcards

Protein Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Channel

A

A type of transport protein that is an open passageway for the facilitated diffusion of ions or molecules across a membrane

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2
Q

Transporters

A

A type of transport protein that binds to their solute and undergoes conformational changes

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3
Q

Active Transport

A

Transmembrane proteins move ions or molecules ACROSS a membrane AGAINST their concentratration gradient

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4
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Transmembrane proteins assist passive transport of substances that can not cross on their own DOWN their concentration gradient

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5
Q

Hypotonic

A

Solution that has a LOWER solute concentration on one side of the membrane than the other side

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6
Q

Hypertonic

A

Solution that has a HIGHER solute concentration on one side of the membrane than the other side

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7
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of WATER down its concentration gradient

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

Spontaneous movement of molecules and ions from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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9
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

Basic structure of biological membranes

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10
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model

A

Depiction of the plasma membrane as a semi-fluid phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates attached to lipids and/or proteins

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11
Q

Integral Membrane Protein

A

A type of membrane protein that is integrated into the hydrophobic region of the membrane

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12
Q

Peripheral Membrane Protein

A

Protein non-covalently attached to protein or lipid in the lipid bilayer

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13
Q

Beta Pleated Sheet

A

A secondary structure motif in which regions of the polypeptide lie parallel to each other

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14
Q

Quaternary Structure

A

The combination of more than one polypeptide, called subunits, into one structure, or complex

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15
Q

Tertiary Structure

A

A protein’s distinctive 3 dimensional shape

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16
Q

Alpha Helix

A

The secondary structure of a coiled polypeptide

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17
Q

Amino Acids

A

Specific subunit of protein polymers

18
Q

Carboxyl Group

A

Part of an amino acid that is notated -COOH

19
Q

Amino Group

A

Part of an amino acid that is notated -NH2

20
Q

C-Terminus

A

Carboxyl end of a polypeptide

21
Q

N-Terminus

A

Amino end of an amino acid chain

22
Q

Polypeptide

A

A chain of amino acids bonded together

23
Q

Peptide Bond

A

The C-N covalent bond that is formed between the carboxyl group of an amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid

24
Q

Polymer

A

A structure of multiple monomers bonded together

25
Q

Monomer

A

A molecular subunit used to build a macromolecule

26
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Amino acids

27
Q

What are the correct components of an amino acid?

A

Carboxyl group, central carbon atom, amino group, R group

28
Q

What type of solution are amino acids always inside?

A

Aqueous solutions

29
Q

What is the proper path for the creation of proteins?

A

DNA->RNA->Polypeptide->protein

30
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

A

20

31
Q

How many of the amino acids are labeled as essential amino acids?

A

9

32
Q

List the 4 groups of amino acids

A
  1. Non-polar
  2. Polar positive charge (fully positive)
  3. Negative Polar (fully negative)
  4. Polar partial charge (partial)
33
Q

How do R groups affect the amino acid?

A

Determines function, how they fold, determines their reactivity

34
Q

What determines the reactivity and level of folding in proteins?

A

R-group

35
Q

What reaction causes amino acids to join together?

A

Dehydration

36
Q

What type of bond is formed due to the joining of amino acids?

A

Peptide bonds

37
Q

Describe what makes a primary structure in proteins

A

Linear chain of amino acids, sequence is determined by genes

38
Q

What bonds are formed when an amino acid is charged?

A

Ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds

39
Q

What bonds are formed when an amino acid is polar?

A

Hydrogen bonds

40
Q

How are non-polar amino acid R-groups held together?

A

Using van der Waals forces

41
Q

What does protein shape determine?

A

Determines function of the protein

Bio 181 (2 decks)

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