Protein Synthesis Review

Question 1

What two stages can protein synthesis be broken into?

Answer 1

transcription and translation

Question 2

If a gene/DNA is not directly controlling protein synthesis, how does the genetic message get to the ribosome?

Answer 2

An mRNA transcript is created which leaves the nucleus and finds a new nucleus.

Question 3

What does mRNA do?

Answer 3

Copies the DNA code for the protein, carries code to ribosomes.

Question 4

What does tRNA do?

Answer 4

Carries specific amino acids to the ribosome that is reading the mRNA.

Question 5

What does rRNA do?

Answer 5

Makes up the ribosome, helps amino acids bond together.

Question 6

What is created in transcription?

Answer 6

RNA

Question 7

What is created in translation?

Answer 7

Protein/chain of amino acids

Question 8

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

Where does translation occur?

Answer 9

Ribosome/cytosol

Question 10

What enzyme begins transcription?

Answer 10

DNA polymerase

Question 11

What is a promoter?

Answer 11

The beginning of a gene on DNA

Question 12

What is removed from primary RNA when it is processed into mature RNA?

Answer 12

Introns

Question 13

Ribosomes read mRNA in triplets of nucleotides called:

Answer 13

Codons

Question 14

What are the three stop codons?

Answer 14

UAA, UGA, UAG

Question 15

What is the term for the triplet of exposed bases on tRNA?

Answer 15

Anticodon

Question 16

What is the step in transcription when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter and unzips the DNA?

Answer 16

Initiation

Question 17

What is the step in transcription when RNA nucleotides bind to their complementary DNA bases?

Answer 17

Elongation

Question 18

What is the step in transcription when the end of the gene the enzyme and mRNA are released, and DNA is zipped up?

Answer 18

Termination

Question 19

What is another name for a mutation that has no effect?

Answer 19

Silent mutation