Protein Synthesis And Selection Flashcards
Compare and contrast DNA in prokaryotic cells (or DNA in mitochondria/chloroplasts) and DNA in eukaryotes cells
•Both have nucleotides that have identical structures (deoxyribose/phosphate/nitrogenous base)
•Both have nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds
•DNA in mitochondria/chloroplasts same in prokaryotes
•Eukaryotic nuclear DNA is longer than prokaryotic DNA
•Eukaryotic nuclear DNA contains introns, whereas prokaryotic DNA doesn’t
•Eukaryotic nuclear DNA is linear, whereas prokaryotic DNA is circular
•Eukaryotic nuclear DNA is associated with histones, whereas prokaryotic DNA is not
Compare and contrast DNA and (mature) mRNA
•Both are polymers made from single monomers called nucleotides
•Both made from nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds
•DNA is double stranded whereas RNA is single stranded
•DNA is longer whereas RNA is shorter
•Thymine in DNA whereas replaced with uracil in RNA
•Deoxyribose in DNA whereas ribose in RNA
•DNA has hydrogen bonds whereas mRNA doesn’t have hydrogen bonds
•DNA has introns whereas mature mRNA doesn’t have introns
Compare and contrast tRNA and mRNA
•Both are polymers made from single monomers called RNA nucleotides
•Both are single stranded
•Both made from nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds
•Both contain uracil,guanine,cytosine and adenine
•mRNA has codons whereas tRNA has a single anticodon
•mRNA is linear whereas tRNS has a clover-leaf shape
•mRNA has no hydrogen bonds whereas tRNA doesn’t have hydrogen bonds
