Protein synthesis

Question 1

Why is the genetic code described as being universal?

Answer 1

In all organisms the same triplet codes for the same amino acid;

Question 2

The genetic code uses four different DNA bases. What is the maximum number of
different DNA triplets that can be made using these four bases?

Answer 2

64

Question 3

Name the process that removes base sequences from pre-mRNA to form mRNA.

Answer 3

Splicing;

Question 4

Explain why single base deletion leads to the production of a non-functional protein.

Answer 4

1. Mutation changes triplets of code
2. Changes amino acid sequence
3. Affects hydrogen/ionic/sulfur bonds formed
4. Changes tertiary structure of protein (so non-functional);

Question 5

Explain what effect might single base substitution can have on the protein produced?

Answer 5

1. changes splicing;
2. So faulty mRNA formed;
3. Get different amino acid sequence;

Question 6

State what is meant by a genome

Answer 6

the complete set of genes in a cell, including those in mitochondria and or chloroplast

Question 7

State what is meant by proteome

Answer 7

the full range of proteins produced by the genome