Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What is the function of DNA?
carries the genetic code
What are the 4 organic bases for DNA?
thymine
guanine
adenine
cytosine
What are the 4 organic bases for RNA?
uracil
guanine
adenine
cytosine
What are the names of the bonds between each nucleotide?
phosphodiester bonds
how many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine?
3
how many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine?
2
What enzyme catalyses DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What direction does DNA replication occur in?
5 to 3 direction
What type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to a ribosome?
mRNA
What does tRNA do?
carries amino acid to ribosome
What type of RNA forms part of the structure of a ribosome?
rRNA
Where does transcription take place/
nucleus
When the DNA double helix unwinds and exposes its bases and mRNA forms complementary base pairs…what part of protein synthesis is this?
Transcription
What is the name of the process which occurs after transcription which removes the introns from DNA?
splicing
Where does translation occur?
at a ribosome
What is an anticodon?
3 exposed bases on the end of a tRNA molecule.
What part of protein synthesis does this describe: amino acid is transported to a ribosome where the anticodon on the tRNA binds with the codon on the mRNA. Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids until a polypeptide chain forms?
translation
What is a point mutation?
a change in a single base
What is a missence mutation?
change in amino acid sequence
What is a frameshift mutation?
addition/deletion of a gene
what is a silent mutation?
degeneracy of genetic code
what is a nonsense mutation?
new termination protein
What happens to the formed protein after translation/
its goes through processing and packaging via the RER and golgi apparatus which adds on further functional groups and moves it to its final destination.
