Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 1

carries the genetic code

Question 2

What are the 4 organic bases for DNA?

Answer 2

thymine
guanine
adenine
cytosine

Question 3

What are the 4 organic bases for RNA?

Answer 3

uracil
guanine
adenine
cytosine

Question 4

What are the names of the bonds between each nucleotide?

Answer 4

phosphodiester bonds

Question 5

how many hydrogen bonds form between cytosine and guanine?

Answer 5

3

Question 6

how many hydrogen bonds form between adenine and thymine?

Answer 6

2

Question 7

What enzyme catalyses DNA replication?

Answer 7

DNA polymerase

Question 8

What direction does DNA replication occur in?

Answer 8

5 to 3 direction

Question 9

What type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to a ribosome?

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

What does tRNA do?

Answer 10

carries amino acid to ribosome

Question 11

What type of RNA forms part of the structure of a ribosome?

Answer 11

rRNA

Question 12

Where does transcription take place/

Answer 12

nucleus

Question 13

When the DNA double helix unwinds and exposes its bases and mRNA forms complementary base pairs…what part of protein synthesis is this?

Answer 13

Transcription

Question 14

What is the name of the process which occurs after transcription which removes the introns from DNA?

Answer 14

splicing

Question 15

Where does translation occur?

Answer 15

at a ribosome

Question 16

What is an anticodon?

Answer 16

3 exposed bases on the end of a tRNA molecule.

Question 17

What part of protein synthesis does this describe: amino acid is transported to a ribosome where the anticodon on the tRNA binds with the codon on the mRNA. Peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids until a polypeptide chain forms?

Answer 17

translation

Question 18

What is a point mutation?

Answer 18

a change in a single base

Question 19

What is a missence mutation?

Answer 19

change in amino acid sequence

Question 20

What is a frameshift mutation?

Answer 20

addition/deletion of a gene

Question 21

what is a silent mutation?

Answer 21

degeneracy of genetic code

Question 22

what is a nonsense mutation?

Answer 22

new termination protein

Question 23

What happens to the formed protein after translation/

Answer 23

its goes through processing and packaging via the RER and golgi apparatus which adds on further functional groups and moves it to its final destination.