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Biochemistry Protein Synthesis > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

0
Q

complimentary code for a codonfound within tRNA •ie. 3’-UAC-5

A

Anti codon

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1
Q

stores genetic information; building blocks of DNA/RNA

A

Nucleic acid

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2
Q

basic unit of a protein

A

Amino acid

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3
Q

a special type of RNA which codes for a protein

A

mRNA

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4
Q

the process of converting a nucleic acid (mRNA) into a protein product

A

Translation

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5
Q

Organized collection of codons and their corresponding amino acids

A

Genetic code

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6
Q

multiple codonsCAN code for the same amino aci

A

Degenerate

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7
Q

All code for valine

A

GUU, GUC, GUA and GUG

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8
Q

both code for Phenylalanine

A

UUU

UUC

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9
Q

a particular codoncan only code for a singleamino acid

A

Unambiguous

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10
Q

can only code for Valine

A

GUU

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11
Q

there is no overlap in reading codons

A

Non overlapping

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12
Q

the genetic code is the same for all animal species

A

Universal

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13
Q

no punctuation exists between or within codons

A

Unpunctuated

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14
Q

Is the process of converting a coded messagewithin a messenger RNA (mRNA) into a polypeptide structure (protein

A

Protein synthesis

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15
Q

Protein Synthesis

A 
Messenger RNA
Aminoacyltransfer RNAs
Ribosomes
Translation factors (ie. eIFs)
ATP, GTP
Enzymes
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16
Q

So you have your mRNA to code for your protein. What bridges the gap between your mRNA and a protein

A

tRNA

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17
Q

each tRNAspecies holds a

A

Single amino acid

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18
Q

Cloverleaf shape

A

Transfer RNA

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19
Q

where the amino acid is attached

A

Acceptor arm

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20
Q

recognition site for specific aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase; rich in dihydrouridine

A

D arm

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21
Q

binds aminoacyltRNAto ribosomal subunit

A

Thymidine-Pseudouridine-Cytidinearm (TΨC

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22
Q

Binds to the codonsin your mRNA

A

Anti codon arm

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23
Q

bind specific amino acids with their corresponding tRNAs, with the help of ATP

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

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24
amino acids are attached via their carboxyl endat the 3’ end of the tRNA with an ester bond, forming an
Aminoacyl tRNA
25
Adenine and Guanine
Purines
26
Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil
Pyrimidines
27
A = T A = U G ΞC
Base pair
28
Dissociation43S preinitiationcomplex48S initiation complex80S initiation complex
Initiation phase
29
Ribosomesdissociate into 40Sand 60Ssubunits | •eIF-3, eIF-1Adelays reassociation, allows for other IFs to mingle with 40S
Dissociation
30
eIF-2 binds to GTP •eIF-2-GTP complex binds to met-tRNA Phosphorylated in starvation states, preventing protein synthesis •eIF-2-GTP-met-tRNA complex binds to 40S
43s pre initiation complex
31
``` mRNA binds to 43S preinitationcomplex •via the methyl-guanosyltriphosphatecap •akamethyl-cap •uses up GTP •cap-binding protein complex eIF-4Fbinds to the methyl cap ```
48s initiation complex
32
eIF-4Fconsists of
eIF-4G, a scaffolding protein •eIF-4E… (hold your breath
33
Phosphorylated in starvation states, preventing protein synthesis
Elf 2 | 43s preinitiation complex
34
responsible for recognizing the mRNA cap
Elf 4E
35
Rate limiting step
Recognizing the mRNA cap
36
melts” the secondary structure of the cap •the complex then begins to scan for
Elf 4A and 4B
37
purinesat positions -3 and +4 of the AUG sequence
Kozak concensus sequences
38
48S initiation complex binds to 60S subunit •eIF-5hydrolyzes the GTP(bound to eIF-2) •this uses up GTP as energy source… •… to remove all initiation factors… •… and to reassociate60S and 40S (with the mRNA and mettRNA
80s initiation complex
39
Elongation phase
A-site attachment Peptide bond formation Translocation
40
elongation factor eEF-1αcomplexes with GTP EF-Tu •complex binds with an entering aminoacyltRNA •“charged” aminoacyltRNAthen entersthe A-site
A site attachment
41
α-amino group of the A-site amino acid attacks the carboxyl end of the growing P-site polypeptide chain
Peptide bond formation
42
Peptide bond formation fascilitated by? | - a ribozymecomponent of the 60S subunit
Peptydyl transferase
43
free from polypeptides) is removed from the P-site
P site tRNA Part of translocation
44
facilitates the transferof A-site tRNA(together with the growing chain) to the P-site
eEF-2+ GTP Part of translocation
45
moves mRNA along the ribosome
Hydrolysis of GTP
46
Energy Requirement (per amino acid attached to the growing chain
4high energy phisphate bonds 2 ATPs 1 GTP 1 GTP
47
activation of tRNA
2ATP
48
entry of aminoacyltRNAinto A-site
1GTP
49
Translocation
1GTP
50
Termination phase enter the A site
Stop codons
51
Termination phase eRF remove polypeptide from the ________
P site tRNA
52
Termination phase Detaches from ribosomes?
mRNA
53
Termination phase Ribosomes dissociates into?
40s and 60s sub unit
54
Termination phase UAA, UAG
eRF 1
55
UAA, UGA
eRF 2
56
binds GTP
eRF3
57
are cleavedto provide specific proteins | Eg. Polio and HepAviruses
Polycistronic protein
58
prohormoneis a single-chain protein proteasecleavesit into two polypeptide chains, forming the functional insulin hormone
Insulin
59
procollagenmolecules are translated 3 procollagenmolecules align themselves
Collagen
60
Collagen cleavage of extension peptides by
amino/carboxyproteinases
61
multiple ribosome units translating the same mRNA are called
Polyribosomes or | Polysomes
62
polysomesare located either in free
Cytosol or | RER
63
Secretory pathway Endoplasmic reticulum
``` Signal sequence Signal recognition particle (SRP) SRP receptor Translocator Signal peptidase ```
64
higher-order structurewater solubility
Antigenicity
65
Endocytic pathway Process number 3
``` Uptake of substances (LDL, Fe-transferrin) Waste disposal (hemoglobin complexes) Mucosal Transfer (transcytosisof IgA ```
66
tags aberrant proteins
Ubiquitin
67
destroys aberrant proteins
Proteasome
68
changesin the nucleotide sequence of a given DNA segment
Mutation
69
purineto purineOR pyrimidineto pyrimidine
Transition mutation
70
purineto pyrimidine OR pyrimidineto purine
Transversion mutation
71
Thanks to the inherent degeneracyof the genetic code ie. CUCCUG
Nothing | Silent
72
An amino acid is replaced with another amino acidie. CUC CCC
Missense mutation
73
A codoncoding for an amino acid is replaced with a stop codon Results in premature termination (truncated protein) ie. UAU, UACUAA, UAG
Nonsense mutation
74
error in reading the code due to either insertion or deletion occurs since the code is read 3 bases at a time
Frame shift mutation
75
``` Frame-shiftmutation ex. ACGACGACGACG would be read as… ○ACGACGACGACG ○that would be ThrThrThrThr ○but with a deletion of the 1stC… ○… it would be read as AGACGACGACG_... ○Which would be ArgArgArgArg ```
Need to know
76
Add or remove something
Frame shift mutation
77
Silent mutation Missensemutation Nonsense mutation
Change something
78
Some viruses demolish 4F function
Polio picorna
79
Inactivates eEF-2
Diptheria toxin
80
Inactivates 28S rRNA
Ricin
81
A-site of ribosome: aminonucleosideanalogue (fake tRNAforming an amide bond
Puromycin
82
30S subunit (prevents initiation
Aminoglycosides
83
30S subunit (prevents binding of aminoacyltRNAsto active site
Tetracycline
84
50S subunit (inhibits peptidyltransferase
Chloramphenicol
85
50S subunit (inhibits translocation
Clindamycin | Erythromycin
86
23S subunit
Macrolides
87
60S subunit (inhibits peptidyltransferase
Cychlohexamide

Biochemistry Protein Synthesis (1 decks)

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