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Biochemistry Protein Synthesis > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

0
Q

complimentary code for a codonfound within tRNA •ie. 3’-UAC-5

A

Anti codon

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1
Q

stores genetic information; building blocks of DNA/RNA

A

Nucleic acid

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2
Q

basic unit of a protein

A

Amino acid

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3
Q

a special type of RNA which codes for a protein

A

mRNA

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4
Q

the process of converting a nucleic acid (mRNA) into a protein product

A

Translation

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5
Q

Organized collection of codons and their corresponding amino acids

A

Genetic code

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6
Q

multiple codonsCAN code for the same amino aci

A

Degenerate

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7
Q

All code for valine

A

GUU, GUC, GUA and GUG

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8
Q

both code for Phenylalanine

A

UUU

UUC

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9
Q

a particular codoncan only code for a singleamino acid

A

Unambiguous

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10
Q

can only code for Valine

A

GUU

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11
Q

there is no overlap in reading codons

A

Non overlapping

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12
Q

the genetic code is the same for all animal species

A

Universal

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13
Q

no punctuation exists between or within codons

A

Unpunctuated

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14
Q

Is the process of converting a coded messagewithin a messenger RNA (mRNA) into a polypeptide structure (protein

A

Protein synthesis

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15
Q

Protein Synthesis

A 
Messenger RNA
Aminoacyltransfer RNAs
Ribosomes
Translation factors (ie. eIFs)
ATP, GTP
Enzymes
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16
Q

So you have your mRNA to code for your protein. What bridges the gap between your mRNA and a protein

A

tRNA

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17
Q

each tRNAspecies holds a

A

Single amino acid

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18
Q

Cloverleaf shape

A

Transfer RNA

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19
Q

where the amino acid is attached

A

Acceptor arm

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20
Q

recognition site for specific aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase; rich in dihydrouridine

A

D arm

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21
Q

binds aminoacyltRNAto ribosomal subunit

A

Thymidine-Pseudouridine-Cytidinearm (TΨC

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22
Q

Binds to the codonsin your mRNA

A

Anti codon arm

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23
Q

bind specific amino acids with their corresponding tRNAs, with the help of ATP

A

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

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24
Q

amino acids are attached via their carboxyl endat the 3’ end of the tRNA with an ester bond, forming an

A

Aminoacyl tRNA

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25
Q

Adenine and Guanine

A

Purines

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26
Q

Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil

A

Pyrimidines

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27
Q

A = T A = U G ΞC

A

Base pair

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28
Q

Dissociation43S preinitiationcomplex48S initiation complex80S initiation complex

A

Initiation phase

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29
Q

Ribosomesdissociate into 40Sand 60Ssubunits

•eIF-3, eIF-1Adelays reassociation, allows for other IFs to mingle with 40S

A

Dissociation

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30
Q

eIF-2 binds to GTP •eIF-2-GTP complex binds to met-tRNA Phosphorylated in starvation states, preventing protein synthesis •eIF-2-GTP-met-tRNA complex binds to 40S

A

43s pre initiation complex

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31
Q 
mRNA binds to 43S preinitationcomplex
•via the methyl-guanosyltriphosphatecap
•akamethyl-cap
•uses up GTP 
•cap-binding protein complex eIF-4Fbinds to the methyl cap
A

48s initiation complex

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32
Q

eIF-4Fconsists of

A

eIF-4G, a scaffolding protein •eIF-4E… (hold your breath

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33
Q

Phosphorylated in starvation states, preventing protein synthesis

A

Elf 2

43s preinitiation complex

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34
Q

responsible for recognizing the mRNA cap

A

Elf 4E

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35
Q

Rate limiting step

A

Recognizing the mRNA cap

36
Q

melts” the secondary structure of the cap •the complex then begins to scan for

A

Elf 4A and 4B

37
Q

purinesat positions -3 and +4 of the AUG sequence

A

Kozak concensus sequences

38
Q

48S initiation complex binds to 60S subunit
•eIF-5hydrolyzes the GTP(bound to eIF-2)
•this uses up GTP as energy source…
•… to remove all initiation factors…
•… and to reassociate60S and 40S (with the mRNA and mettRNA

A

80s initiation complex

39
Q

Elongation phase

A

A-site attachment
Peptide bond formation
Translocation

40
Q

elongation factor eEF-1αcomplexes with GTP EF-Tu
•complex binds with an entering aminoacyltRNA
•“charged” aminoacyltRNAthen entersthe A-site

A

A site attachment

41
Q

α-amino group of the A-site amino acid attacks the carboxyl end of the growing P-site polypeptide chain

A

Peptide bond formation

42
Q

Peptide bond formation fascilitated by?

- a ribozymecomponent of the 60S subunit

A

Peptydyl transferase

43
Q

free from polypeptides) is removed from the P-site

A

P site tRNA

Part of translocation

44
Q

facilitates the transferof A-site tRNA(together with the growing chain) to the P-site

A

eEF-2+ GTP

Part of translocation

45
Q

moves mRNA along the ribosome

A

Hydrolysis of GTP

46
Q

Energy Requirement (per amino acid attached to the growing chain

A

4high energy phisphate bonds

2 ATPs
1 GTP
1 GTP

47
Q

activation of tRNA

A

2ATP

48
Q

entry of aminoacyltRNAinto A-site

A

1GTP

49
Q

Translocation

A

1GTP

50
Q

Termination phase enter the A site

A

Stop codons

51
Q

Termination phase

eRF remove polypeptide from the ________

A

P site tRNA

52
Q

Termination phase

Detaches from ribosomes?

A

mRNA

53
Q

Termination phase

Ribosomes dissociates into?

A

40s and 60s sub unit

54
Q

Termination phase

UAA, UAG

A

eRF 1

55
Q

UAA, UGA

A

eRF 2

56
Q

binds GTP

A

eRF3

57
Q

are cleavedto provide specific proteins

Eg. Polio and HepAviruses

A

Polycistronic protein

58
Q

prohormoneis a single-chain protein

proteasecleavesit into two polypeptide chains, forming the functional insulin hormone

A

Insulin

59
Q

procollagenmolecules are translated

3 procollagenmolecules align themselves

A

Collagen

60
Q

Collagen cleavage of extension peptides by

A

amino/carboxyproteinases

61
Q

multiple ribosome units translating the same mRNA are called

A

Polyribosomes or

Polysomes

62
Q

polysomesare located either in free

A

Cytosol or

RER

63
Q

Secretory pathway

Endoplasmic reticulum

A 
Signal sequence
Signal recognition particle (SRP)
SRP receptor
Translocator
Signal peptidase
64
Q

higher-order structurewater solubility

A

Antigenicity

65
Q

Endocytic pathway

Process number 3

A 
Uptake of substances (LDL, Fe-transferrin)
Waste disposal (hemoglobin complexes)
Mucosal Transfer (transcytosisof IgA
66
Q

tags aberrant proteins

A

Ubiquitin

67
Q

destroys aberrant proteins

A

Proteasome

68
Q

changesin the nucleotide sequence of a given DNA segment

A

Mutation

69
Q

purineto purineOR pyrimidineto pyrimidine

A

Transition mutation

70
Q

purineto pyrimidine OR pyrimidineto purine

A

Transversion mutation

71
Q

Thanks to the inherent degeneracyof the genetic code ie. CUCCUG

A

Nothing

Silent

72
Q

An amino acid is replaced with another amino acidie. CUC CCC

A

Missense mutation

73
Q

A codoncoding for an amino acid is replaced with a stop codon Results in premature termination (truncated protein)
ie. UAU, UACUAA, UAG

A

Nonsense mutation

74
Q

error in reading the code due to either insertion or deletion occurs since the code is read 3 bases at a time

A

Frame shift mutation

75
Q 
Frame-shiftmutation
 ex.  ACGACGACGACG would be read as… ○ACGACGACGACG
 ○that would be ThrThrThrThr
 ○but with a deletion of the 1stC…
 ○… it would be read as AGACGACGACG_...
 ○Which would be ArgArgArgArg
A

Need to know

76
Q

Add or remove something

A

Frame shift mutation

77
Q

Silent mutation
Missensemutation
Nonsense mutation

A

Change something

78
Q

Some viruses demolish 4F function

A

Polio picorna

79
Q

Inactivates eEF-2

A

Diptheria toxin

80
Q

Inactivates 28S rRNA

A

Ricin

81
Q

A-site of ribosome: aminonucleosideanalogue (fake tRNAforming an amide bond

A

Puromycin

82
Q

30S subunit (prevents initiation

A

Aminoglycosides

83
Q

30S subunit (prevents binding of aminoacyltRNAsto active site

A

Tetracycline

84
Q

50S subunit (inhibits peptidyltransferase

A

Chloramphenicol

85
Q

50S subunit (inhibits translocation

A

Clindamycin

Erythromycin

86
Q

23S subunit

A

Macrolides

87
Q

60S subunit (inhibits peptidyltransferase

A

Cychlohexamide

Biochemistry Protein Synthesis (1 decks)

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