Protein synthesis

Question 1

DNA structure:

Answer 1

• double helix
• phosphate connected to a sugar connected to a base
• a polymer made up of nucleotides (its monomer)
• 4 types of nucleotide (A,T,C,G)

Question 2

Explain the process of protein synthesis:

Answer 2

• DNA’s structure is too big to leave the nucleus
• RNA polymerase will deconstruct the double helix structure into two strands.
• the enzyme reads the base sequence of one of the templates and connects complimentary bases to each other (A into U, C into G -vice versa- , T into A). this created mRNA through transcription
• mRNA leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm to the ribosome
• it enters the ribosome where tRNA’s in the cytoplasm read the base sequences of the mRNA in codons. (triples)
• each tRNA molecule is associated with a different codon (some are repeated)
• tRNAs are connected to an amino acids
• when they line up they join and form a protein strand of amino acids
• the tRNA leaves behind the protein to form a 3D shape, suited to its function.

Question 3

Two processes involved in protein synthesis:

Answer 3

• transcription
• translation

Question 4

Transcription:

Question 5

Translation: