protein synthesis Flashcards
translation
the process of turning the instructions from mRNA into protein in the ribosome
transcription
the process of transferring the coded information in DNA to the new strands of mRNA
rRNA
located in the ribosome, lines up amino acids in the sequence dictated by the mRNA molecule
mRNA
messenger, carries the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome
tRNA
picks up amino acid molecules in the cytoplasm and transfers them to to the ribosome
codons
mRNA triplets specific to a particular amino acid
start codon
begins translation
anticodons
tRNA triplets specific to the mRNA codon
end codon
ends translation
polypeptide
chain of amino acids that folds to make a protein
how many amino acids are there
20
purines
nitrogen bases with 2 organic rings (adenine and guanine)
pyrimidines
nitrogen bases with one organic ring (cytosine and thymine)
