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Science > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Function of RNA?

A

Transcribing and Translating the Genetic Code

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2
Q

Function of DNA?

A

Stores genetic materials

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3
Q

Structure of DNA?

A

Double Stranded Helix

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4
Q

Structure of RNA?

A

Single Stranded

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5
Q

What kind of sugar in DNA?

A

Sugar Deoxyribose

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6
Q

What kind of sugar in RNA?

A

Sugar Ribose

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7
Q

Code for DNA?

A

A,T,C,G

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8
Q

Code for RNA?

A

A,U,C,G

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9
Q

What does DNA mean?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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10
Q

What does RNA mean?

A

Ribonucleic acid

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11
Q

What do you call the Adenine-Thymine pair?

A

Base

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12
Q

Fragments of DNA that are produced during the proccess of DNA replication?

A

Okakiza

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13
Q

Basic unit of hereditary?

A

Gene

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14
Q

The step of DNA replication where DNA polymerase creates new strand of nucleotide specifically paired to another nucleotide?

A

Elogation

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15
Q

What are proteins?

A

Composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

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16
Q

What are the three (3) types of RNA?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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17
Q

Function of mRNA?

A

Transcribes the DNA nucleotide basis to RNA nucleotide bases

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18
Q

What is the function of rRNA?

A

Binds the mRNA and tRNA to ensure that codons are translated correctly

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19
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

Translates the mRNA codons into the correct amino acids

20
Q

What are the 2 types of protein synthesis?

A

Transcription
Translation

21
Q

What is the unzipping enzyme?

22
Q

What is the initializer enzyme?

A

The primase

23
Q

What is the builder enzyme?

A

The DNA polymerase

24
Q

What is the gluer enzyme?

A

The Ligase

25
Q

What are the 3 major steps of DNA replication?

A

Initiator
Elogation
Termination

26
Q

What are the agents of mutation in the DNA sequence?

(There’s only one)

A

The mutagens

27
Q

2 classification of mutation?

A

Genetic and Chromosomal

28
Q

Small-scale mutation is?

29
Q

Large-scale of mutation is?

A

Chromosomal

30
Q

Permanent change of nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, extra chromosomal DNA, or other genetic element is?

31
Q

What is Point Mutation?

A

The change of a single nitrogen base in a DNA sequence.

32
Q

What is the least harmful type of DNA mutation?

A

Point Mutation

33
Q

What are the three major types of point mutation that occur by substitution?

A

Silent mutation,
Missense mutation, and
Nonsense mutation

34
Q

Silent mutation is?

A

The types of change that do not alter the sequence of a protein

35
Q

Missense mutation is?

A

That results in the replacement of one nucleotide by another

36
Q

The change of nucleotide causes the replacement of a codon specifying an amino acid by stop codon. That results in the production of a truncated protein is?

A

The nonsense mutaion

37
Q

Much more serious and often deadly than point mutation. Even if a single nitrogen base is affected is?

A

The Frame-shift mutation

38
Q

2 types of Frame-shift mutation?

A

Insertion, and Deletion

39
Q

The process where RNA is made from the DNA by copying the base sequence of the double helix stranded DNA into a piece of a single stranded nucleic acid is?

A

Transcription

40
Q

The transcription of DNA to form RNA takes place in the?

A

Cell’s nucleus

41
Q

During transcription, a strand of mRNA is made that correponds to?

A

A strand of DNA

42
Q

The genetic information of the DNA is used as the origin to form mRNA by the transcription process is called?

A

Translation

43
Q

Amino acids are grouped as?

A

Essential and non-essential amino acids

44
Q

Amino acids are those which?

A

The human body is capable of synthesizing

45
Q

Essential amino acids must be?

A

obtained from the diet (food)

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