protein structure Flashcards
what are amino acids
basic monomer units which combine to make up proteins
every amino acid has a centra carbon atom to which are attached four different chemical group
these are:
amino group(-NH2) a basic group
carboxyl group(-COOH) an acid group which gives the amino acid the rest of its name
Hydrogen atom (-H)
R group-a variety of different chemical groups (ranging from a single hydrogen atom as in glycine to a double ring structure as in tyrosine)
each amino acid has a different R group
through a series of condensation reaction many amino acids can be joined together in a process called
polymerisation
the primary structure of proteins is formed from
the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
what does a polar molecule mean
electrons are unevenly distributed
the secondary structure of proteins if formed from
hydrogen bonds
Amino acids contain an acid carboxyl group, which has the chemical formulae (1)as well as a basic group called an (2) group.amino acids therefore have both acidic and basic properties are said to be (3) any two amino acids can combine in a (4) reaction to form a (5) bond between them. Many amino acids can combine to form a polypeptide chain which can become altered in shape due to (6) bonds formed between certain groups. These secondary shapes may be cylindrical, in which case they are called (7) or flat in which they are called (8)
1.(-COOH)
2.amino
3.amphoteric
4.
5.
6.
7.a helix
8.b pleated sheet
Explain the difference between simple proteins and a conjugated proteins
Conjugated-globular proteins that contain a non proteins component called a prosthetic group
Covalent bonds that hold proteins together
Peptide bonds
Describe why globular proteins are soluble in water but fibrous proteins are not
Globular-the hydrophilic R group are on the outside of the protein, the hydrophobic R groups of the amino acids
Fibrous0due to high proportion of amino acids and hydrophobic R groups in their primary structure they are not soluble.
