Protein sorting 2

Question 1

What are the pathways for vesicular transport?

Answer 1

Biosynthetic (Secretory) pathway

Endocytic pathway

Question 2

What are the 3 types of vesicles coats?

Answer 2

Clathrin
COPI
COPII

Question 3

Different coats are used when?

Answer 3

At different steps of the biosynthetic secretory pathway

Question 4

Aseembly of a coat drives what?

Answer 4

Vesicle formation and selection of cargo molecules

Question 5

What are adaptins and what do they do?

Answer 5

Adaptor proteins that bind both clathrin triskelions and cargo receptors

Question 6

What regulates the pinching off and uncoating of coated vesicles and give an example?

Answer 6

Cytosolic proteins

Dynamin is a GTPase that destabilises the bud neck so that lipid bilayers flow together

Question 7

What protein guides vesicle targetting?

Answer 7

Rab proteins guide vesicle targetting

Question 8

What do SNAREs do and what are the two types ?

Answer 8

Mediate membrane fusion

t and v SNAREs

Question 9

What are t SNAREs and where do they lie

Answer 9

t SNAREs are located on the target membrane and fuse with the

Question 10

What do v SNAREs do?

Answer 10

v SNAREs are on the vesicle itself and bind with the t SNARE to form a transSNARE complex

Question 11

Rab docks to what?

Answer 11

Rab effector so a tethering protein that is also attached to the target membrane.

Question 12

Rab5 specifically mediates what?

Answer 12

Vesicle fusion, clathrin coated vesicles

Question 13

Vesicular tubular clusters mediate transport from where to where?

Answer 13

From the ER to the Golgi apparatus

Question 14

What does the KDEL sequence do?

Answer 14

Prevents the protein from being secreted from the ER

Question 15

Golgi app consists of what 5 sections?

Answer 15

Cis Golgi Network
Cis Cisterna
Medial Cisterna
Trans Cisterna
Trans Golgi Network

Question 16

Nucleoside diphosphatase is located where in terms of the golgi app

Answer 16

Trans cisterna

Question 17

Alkaline phophatase is located where in terms of the golgi

Answer 17

Trans golgi network

Question 18

What happens in the cis golgi network?

Answer 18

Phosphorylation of ogliosacchardies on lysosomal proteins

Question 19

What happens in cis cisterna

Answer 19

Removal of Man

Question 20

What happens in medial cisterna

Answer 20

Removal of man

Addition of GlcNAc

Question 21

What happens in trans cisterna

Answer 21

Addition of Gal

Addition of NANA

Question 22

Product of each reaction in the golgi becomes what for the next reaction?

Answer 22

The substrate for the next reaction

Question 23

Transport through the golgi app may occur by what 2 ways?

Answer 23

Vesicular transport

Cisternal Maturation

Question 24

What converges at early endosome to be digested?

Answer 24

Hydrolytic enzymes from Golgi

and materials

Question 25

Lysosomes are the principal sites of what?

Answer 25

Intracellular digestion

Question 26

How are lysosomes regulated and what does low pH activate?

Answer 26

Regulated by pH, proton pump

Low pH activates acid hydrolases, such as proteases and nuceleases

Question 27

Multiple pathways deliver materials for destruction to lysosomes. Name 4 of these pathways

Answer 27

1) Phagocytosis
2) Endocytosis
3) Macropinocytosis
4) Autophagy

Question 28

Briefly describe the process of autophagy and fusion with lysosome

Answer 28

Induction where there is nucleation and extension so the organelles and cytosol are engulfed.
The contents are then enclosed to form an autophagosome and then fused with lysosomes. The contents is then diegsted and a lysosome is left behind.

Question 29

Endosome progressively matures into what?

Answer 29

Lysosome

Question 30

Lysosome fusing with a late endosome forms what?

Answer 30

Endolysosome

Question 31

finish off

Answer 31

okay