Protein Functions and Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Catalysis

A
Enzymes 
Proteases 
ATPases- hydrolyse ATP
ATP Kinases - add phosphate group 
Nucleases - breaks nucleic acids
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2
Q

Movement

A

Muscle proteins

Myosin, actin & flagella

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3
Q

Cellular Control

A

Hormones - insulin, growth hormone, sex hormones

Receptors - ligand recognition to induce response

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4
Q

Transport

A

Respiratory proteins - haemoglobin
Cytochromes - electron transport
Storage - stores iron in toxic and non toxic form

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5
Q

Structural

A

Skin, Bones - collagen

Hair, nails - keratin

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6
Q

Immune System

A

Defence - against toxins and pathogens

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7
Q

Oxytocin function

A

Contracts uterus and helps lactation

Synthetic version can be used to induce labour

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8
Q

Somatostatin function

A

Inhibits release of growth hormones can be used to treat ulcers

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9
Q

Melittin function

A

Bee venom can be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

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10
Q

Calitonin function

A

Regulates calcium and used to treat osteoporosis

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11
Q

Beta amyloid

A

Causes alzhiemers and is present in amyloid plaques in the brain

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12
Q

Insulin function

A

Controls glucose levels and used to treat diabetes

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13
Q

How many R groups are polar

A

7

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14
Q

How many R groups are Non- Polar

A

8

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15
Q

How many R groups are acidic?

A

2

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16
Q

How R groups are basic?

A

3

17
Q

How many R groups can form hydrogen bonds?

A

12

18
Q

At a pH above its pKa, the group will be…

A

Deprotonated - lost a hydrogen ion

19
Q

At a pH lower than the pKa of the group, the group is…

A

Protonated

20
Q

Most amino acids prefer to be in the…state because?

A

Trans state to avoid steric hindrance

21
Q

Which amino acid prefers both cis and trans conformation?

A

Proline - because the R group is a cyclic group so it does not experience any steric hinderance