Protein, Enzymes, and Nucleic Acids Worksheet Flashcards
What are proteins are made up of and what bonds hold them together?
Made up of amino acids with peptide bonds (covalent bonds)
The folding of the tertiary structure is influenced by
R-groups
What are the biological molecules?
Nucleic acid
Amino acid
Carbohydrate
Hydrocarbon
What do enzymes do
How do they do it
Enzymes function by binding substrate in a special region of the enzyme called the active site.
The binding of substrate to enzyme causes a change in the shape of the enzyme.
The combination of these events helps promote or catalyze a chemical reaction.
Enzymes
special class of proteins that function to catalyze reactions by bringing the reactants (substrates) together
Can an enzyme catalyze a nonspontaneous reaction
Yes, enzymes catalyze reactions that require an input of energy, they just make the input of energy required, lower.
Enzymes accomplish this by stabilizing the transition state as a molecule moves from reactant to product.
What does enzyme specificity mean?
An enzyme is specific to one and only one reaction.
Competitive Inhibition
Binding of a non-substrate molecule to an enzyme’s active site, thus inhibiting the binding of the substrate to the active site.
Allosteric Inhibition
Binding of a molecule to a site other than the active site in a way that inhibits the binding of a substrate to the enzyme’s active site; also called non-competitive inhibition.
Non-Competitive Inhibition
Binding of a molecule to a site other than the active site in a way that inhibits the binding of a substrate to the enzyme’s active site; also called allosteric inhibition.
What factors can alter or break a protein?
- changes in pH (alters electrostatic interactions between charged amino acids)
- changes in salt concentration (does the same)
- changes in temperature (higher temperatures reduce the strength of hydrogen bonds)
- presence of reducing agents (break S-S bonds between cysteines)
Activation Energy
The energy required to reach the transition state
