protein contol of cell division

Question 1

anaphase

Answer 1

phase in which spindle microtubules shortend by depolymerisation sister chromatids are seperated and the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles

Question 2

apoptosis

Answer 2

programmed cell deathc triggered by interanal or exteranal signals

Question 3

caspase cascadee

Answer 3

protease enzymes involed in a series of reactions that destroy a cell

Question 4

cell cycle

Answer 4

cell increases in size- G1
copies DNA- S stage
preps to divide- G2
and divides my mitosis-Mstage

Question 5

cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 5

G1,2 and Metaphase checkpoints assesse the rediness of a cell to enter the next stage

Question 6

centromere

Answer 6

the specialised DNA sequence of a chromosome that links to a pair of sister chromatids

Question 7

cyclin proteins

Answer 7

proteins that control the progression of cells throughout the cell cycle by activatiing CDK enzymes

Question 8

CDKS

Answer 8

when activated by cyclin it causes the phosphorylation of protiens

Question 9

cytokinesis

Answer 9

divison of cytoplams to form two daughther cells

Question 10

cytoskeleton

Answer 10

supports cells shape and function

Question 11

death signal molecules

Answer 11

activates caspase

Question 12

G1 cyclin-CDK

Answer 12

phosphoriylating by G1 cyclin-CDK inhibits the Rb allowing the transcription of the genes that code for proteins needed for DNA replication

Question 13

interphase

Answer 13

phase of the cell cycle contains G1,2 and S phases

Question 14

Kinetochores

Answer 14

where microtubles of the spindle attach

Question 15

metamorphosis

Answer 15

process the involves a significant change in an organisms physical form

Question 16

metaphase

Answer 16

phase when chromosomes align at the metaphase plate and attach to the spindle fibers

Question 17

MTOC

Answer 17

structure in eukaryotic cells from which microtubles are produced for the formation of spindle fiberes

Question 18

microtubles

Answer 18

hollow tubes made up of tubulin

Question 19

mitosis

Answer 19

division of the nucleus to form two new nuclei

Question 20

p53

Answer 20

a tumour suppressor protein that can stimulate DNA repair

Question 21

prophase

Answer 21

a phase where DNA condenses into chromosomes each consisting of two sister chromotids
the nuclear membrane breaks down the spindle forms and chromeosomes attach via their kinetochores

Question 22

proto-oncogene

Answer 22

a normal gene involved in cell growth or division

Question 23

Rb

Answer 23

a tumour suppressor protein

Question 24

spindle fibers

Answer 24

microtubels to which chromomosomes are attached by kinechores

Question 25

telophase

Answer 25

chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes are formed around

Question 26

tubulin

Answer 26

protein that polymerises into long chains or filaments that form microtublues

Question 27

tumour promoting oncogene

Answer 27

a mutated proto-oncogene gene that has the potentioal to casue cancer