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Food Preparation And Nutrition > Protein > Flashcards

Protein Flashcards

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1
Q

Is protein a macronutrient or a micronutrient?

A

MACRONUTRIENT

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2
Q

What is protein essential for?

A
  • growth and repair of the body
  • forms the structural and functional elements of body cells
  • involved in various metabolic reactions and maintenance of good health
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3
Q

Protein provides energy, but how much?

A

1 gram of protein provides 17 kilojoules of energy

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4
Q

The amount of protein we need changes during our lives. How many portions should you get per day?

A

2 - 3 portions

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5
Q

How much protein should you get per Kg of body weight each day?

A

0.75g

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6
Q

How much protein should a typical 15 - 18 year old girl get?

A

45g

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7
Q

How much should a typical 15 -18 year old boy get?

A

55.2g

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8
Q

Name 3 good sources of protein

A
  • chicken
  • tofu
  • whole meal bread
  • red lentils
  • semi - skimmed milk
  • an egg
  • canned tuna
  • bolognese sauce
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9
Q

What is protein made up of?

A

Amino acids

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10
Q

Approximately how many different amino acids are there?

A

20

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11
Q

Where are amino acids most commonly found?

A

In plant and animal protein

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12
Q

What are non - essential or dispensable amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can be made by the body

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13
Q

What protein sources provide all of the essential amino acids needed by the body?

A

Animal sources like:

  • meat
  • fish
  • eggs
  • dairy
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14
Q

Animal proteins that provide all the essential amino acids needed by the body have a higher HBV. What does this stand for?

A

Higher Biological Value

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15
Q

Most protein from plant sources does not provide all of the essential amino acids when consumed individually. They have an LBV, what does this stand for?

A

Lower Biological Value

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16
Q

What is protein complementation?

A

When you get all of the amino acids you need by combining different plant sources of protein

17
Q

Name 5 examples of plant sources of protein

A
  • pulses (lentils, peas, chickpeas)
  • nuts
  • maize
  • seeds
  • bread
  • cereals
  • soy products (tofu, miso)
18
Q

Protein enriched foods tend to make people fuller compared with WHAT?

A

Foods which are high in carbohydrates or fat

19
Q

Give 3 examples of protein complementation

A
  • milk and cereal
  • rice and bean salad
  • bread and cheese
  • baked beans on toast
  • humous on pitta bread
  • vegetable chilli
20
Q

What are the 4 functions of protein?

A
  • growth of all body cells and tissues
  • repair and maintenance of all body tissue
  • responsible for making hormones, enzymes and antibodies
  • providing an alternative (back up) energy source
21
Q

What are proteins? What do they ‘look’ like?

A

Big molecules that form long chains

22
Q

These protein chains are made up of building blocks called WHAT?

A

Amino acids

23
Q

What happens to the proteins when we eat them?

A

It’s broken down into amino acids the they are rearranged into new proteins for our body

24
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

8 (for adults and children)

25
Q

What are the 5 sources of HBV proteins?

A
  • meat: chicken, lamb
  • dairy: milk, cheese
  • fish: salmon, cod
  • eggs
26
Q

What are the 3 sources of LBV proteins?

A 
- Plant based foods:
Pulses
Nuts
Seeds
Cereals
Beans
27
Q

What are essential or indispensable amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can’t be made by the body so must be consumed via food and drink

28
Q

What are the 3 protein alternatives?

A
  • soya
  • mycoprotein (quorn)
  • quinoa
29
Q

What are soya beans used to make?

A
  • tofu (bean curd)
  • soya milk
  • miso
  • tempen
  • TVP (textured vegetable protein)
30
Q

Hat is mycoprotein?

A

Type of fungus grown in special conditions

Not suitable for vegans as it can sometimes contain egg white

31
Q

What is mycoprotein made into?

A

Range of products, eg. Quorn

32
Q

What is quinoa? Where did it originate? How is it cooked? Is it an LBV or an HBV protein?

A

Tiny bead shaped seeds
South America
In the same way as rice
HBV protein

33
Q

What happens if you are deficient in protein?

A

Kwashiorkor (rare in developed world)
Fatigue
Constipation

34
Q

What is kwashiorkor?

A

Type of malnutrition linked to lack of protein and energy.

Usually occurs in children - links to poor growth, hair loss and infections

35
Q

What happens if you have too much protein?

A

Harmful to the kidneys and liver

Leads to weight gain - extra protein not used for energy will be stored as fat

Food Preparation And Nutrition (4 decks)

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