Protein (2.4) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure of an amino acid?

A

A central carbon atom with an amine group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (H) and a variable side chain (R).

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2
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

There are 20 different amino acids. Nine amino acids CANNOT be made by the body. They come from food and are called essential amino acids.

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3
Q

What do amino acids form?

A

When amino acids are joined together on the ribosome they form long chains called polypeptides, which make up proteins.

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4
Q

How do amino acids come together to form polypeptides?

A

Amino acids are joined together in a condensation reaction (the removal of a molecule of water) that produces a dipeptide and water. The covalent bond between the amino acids is called a peptide bond, thus long chains of covalently bonded amino acids are called polypeptides.

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5
Q

How are polypeptides broken down?

A

Polypeptides are broken down in a hydrolysis reaction (the addition of a water molecule).

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6
Q

What is a protein?

A

A long chain of recurring monomers called amino acids.

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7
Q

What determines the structure of proteins?

A

The amino acid sequence determines the three-dimensional conformation of a protein and thus its function.

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8
Q

What are the two main structural forms of proteins?

A

Fibrous proteins (eg. collagen, fibrin)- Have a structural role- Water insoluble- Long chains of polypeptidesGlobular proteins (eg. haemoglobin, insulin)- Have a functional role- Water soluble- Polypeptide chains are folded into a specific shape

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9
Q

Define denaturation

A

A structural change in a protein that results in the loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties.

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10
Q

What are the factors that cause denaturation and how do they affect the protein?

A

Temperature;High temperatures break the bonds that hold the protein together, so the protein unfolds and lose its capacity to function as intended. pH;Changing the pH will alter the charge of the protein, which in turn will alter its solubility and overall shape.

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11
Q

What is the proteome?

A

The totality of proteins expressed within a cell, tissue or organism at a certain time. The proteome of each individual will be unique as DNA is unique and DNA codes for proteins.

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12
Q

What is the role of proteins within a cell?

A

SHITS MEStructure: collagen, spider silk.Hormones: insulin, glucagon.Immunity: immunoglobins.Transport: haemoglobin.Sensation: rhodopsin.Movement: actin, myosin.Enzymes: Rubisco, catalase.

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