Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutrition & Physical Activity > Protein 2.2 > Flashcards

Protein 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a protein made up of

A

Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many amino acids make up all the proteins

A

20 different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many essential amino acids acids and where do we get them from

A

9 and we get them from our diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many nonessential amino acids and where do we get them from

A

11 from our body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many kcal per gram is protein

A

4 kcal per gram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the backbone made up of in amino acids

A

Carbon backbone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Limiting amino acid

A

Essential amino acid in lowest concentration in food or diet relative to body needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Conditionally essential amino acids

A

Amino acids made from essential amino acids if insufficient amount are eaten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Genetic disease where tyrosine becomes conditionally essential - limits ability to metabolize the phenylalanine (essential) to tyrosine (nonessential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are proteins linked together

A

Chemical bonds called peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do bonds form on proteins

A

Between amino group of one amino acid and acid (carboxyl) group of other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What determines the ultimate shape of a protein

A

The order of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does proteins final shape determine

A

Its function in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Denaturation

A

Alteration of a proteins three dimensional structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protein quality of foods differs according to what

A

origin (plant or animal), amino acid composition, level of amino acid bioactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does high quality protein include

A

Ample amounts of all 9 essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does lower quality proteins include

A

Low in or lack one or more essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the digestible indispensable amino acid score assess

A

Assesses protein quality in foods by measuring the amount of amino acids absorbed by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Complementary proteins

A

Two protein sources that make up for each others inadequate supply of specific essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Most common food allergens

A

Peanut, tree nuts, milk, soy, wheat, eggs, fish, shellfish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Denatured digestion of protein is done via

A

By cooking and acid in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hormone gastrin in digestion of protein is done via

A

Thinking of and chewing food causes release into the stomach, stimulates the released of acid and pepsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pepsin in digestion of protein is done via

A

Enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down polypeptides into shorter chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does cooking aid in digestion of proteins

A

Reduces biological activity and allows digestive enzymes to act on peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where does protein absorption and digestion take place
At microvilli surface within absorptive cells lining the small intestine
26
Where are the amino acids transported to
Sent to the liver via the portal vein
27
How many grams of protein does an adult degrade and make during any day
250 grams
28
Can amino acids be recycled
Yes
29
If you are deficient in protein what happens to tissues
Swelling
30
What happens to capillaries when you are deficient in protein
Fluid is drawn into the bloodstream by proteins as blood pressure declines in the capillary bed - blood pressure exceeds the counteracting gore of protein so the fluid remains in the tissues
31
How does protein affect acid base balance
It pumps chemical ions in and out of cells keeping the blood slightly alkaline - acts as a buffer neutralizing an acidic environment
32
Do amino acids synthesize hormones
Yes
33
Are enzymes proteins
Yes
34
What do proteins do in the immune system
Act as transporters
35
Without enough carbohydrates what happens to proteins
Liver produces glucose from amino acids
36
What happens to proteins in starvation
Amino acids from muscle tissue are covered into glucose
37
How much energy can protein provide at rest and exercise
5% at rest and 10-15% at exercise
38
Which macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety after a meal
Protein
39
How many grams of protein should we have per kg of body weight
.8 gram per kg
40
What percent of total kcal comes from protein
8 to 10 percent
41
Do most of us eat more or less of the RDA of protein
more
42
Typical protein consumption men versus women
Men - 100 grams a day | Women - 65 grams a day
43
Can excess protein be stored as protein
No
44
Protein requirement for a given meal
20 to 30 grams
45
Protein needs for older adults recommendations
more than 1 gram per kg of body weight, more than 20 grams of protein in a meal, 2.2 grams of leucine
46
Are amino acid supplements safe
No
47
What do AA supplements do in the body
Overwhelm absorptive mechanisms in the small intestine, cause toxicity
48
Kwashiorkor
Edema, severe protein deficiency, fatty liver, large stomach, growth impairment
49
Marasmus
Sever energy and protein deficiency, sever weight loss, wasting of muscles and body fat
50
Is a vegetarian diet good for disease prevention
Yes
51
Lactovegetarians
Plant and dairy products
52
Lactoovovegetarian
Plant products, diary and eggs
53
What nutrients deficiency come with a vegan diet
B12, iron, zinc, calcium, and omega 3 fatty acids
54
Desirable body fat for male athletes
5 to 18 %
55
Desirable body fat for female athletes
17 to 28 %
56
What percent of energy needs does protein provide during rest and low to moderate intensity exercise
5%
57
What percent of energy needs does protein provide during endurance exercise
10 to 15%
58
What about proteins provides the most energy
Branched chain amino acids
59
Does resistance exercise use more or less protein
less
60
How many grams of protein should strength trainers eat
2 grams per kg of body weight
61
To promote muscle synthesis what do researchers suggest
20 to 25 grams of high quality protein per meal at 3 meals a day
62
How many protein should one eat after exercise
20 grams 1 to 2 hours after

Nutrition & Physical Activity (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions