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Nutrition & Physical Activity > Protein 2.2 > Flashcards

Protein 2.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a protein made up of

A

Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

How many amino acids make up all the proteins

A

20 different

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3
Q

How many essential amino acids acids and where do we get them from

A

9 and we get them from our diet

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4
Q

How many nonessential amino acids and where do we get them from

A

11 from our body

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5
Q

How many kcal per gram is protein

A

4 kcal per gram

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6
Q

What is the backbone made up of in amino acids

A

Carbon backbone

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7
Q

Limiting amino acid

A

Essential amino acid in lowest concentration in food or diet relative to body needs

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8
Q

Conditionally essential amino acids

A

Amino acids made from essential amino acids if insufficient amount are eaten

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9
Q

What is phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Genetic disease where tyrosine becomes conditionally essential - limits ability to metabolize the phenylalanine (essential) to tyrosine (nonessential)

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10
Q

How are proteins linked together

A

Chemical bonds called peptide bonds

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11
Q

Where do bonds form on proteins

A

Between amino group of one amino acid and acid (carboxyl) group of other

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12
Q

What determines the ultimate shape of a protein

A

The order of amino acids

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13
Q

What does proteins final shape determine

A

Its function in the body

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14
Q

Denaturation

A

Alteration of a proteins three dimensional structure

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15
Q

Protein quality of foods differs according to what

A

origin (plant or animal), amino acid composition, level of amino acid bioactivity

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16
Q

What does high quality protein include

A

Ample amounts of all 9 essential amino acids

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17
Q

What does lower quality proteins include

A

Low in or lack one or more essential amino acids

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18
Q

What does the digestible indispensable amino acid score assess

A

Assesses protein quality in foods by measuring the amount of amino acids absorbed by the body

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19
Q

Complementary proteins

A

Two protein sources that make up for each others inadequate supply of specific essential amino acids

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20
Q

Most common food allergens

A

Peanut, tree nuts, milk, soy, wheat, eggs, fish, shellfish

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21
Q

Denatured digestion of protein is done via

A

By cooking and acid in the stomach

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22
Q

Hormone gastrin in digestion of protein is done via

A

Thinking of and chewing food causes release into the stomach, stimulates the released of acid and pepsin

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23
Q

Pepsin in digestion of protein is done via

A

Enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down polypeptides into shorter chains of amino acids

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24
Q

How does cooking aid in digestion of proteins

A

Reduces biological activity and allows digestive enzymes to act on peptide bonds

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25
Q

Where does protein absorption and digestion take place

A

At microvilli surface within absorptive cells lining the small intestine

26
Q

Where are the amino acids transported to

A

Sent to the liver via the portal vein

27
Q

How many grams of protein does an adult degrade and make during any day

A

250 grams

28
Q

Can amino acids be recycled

A

Yes

29
Q

If you are deficient in protein what happens to tissues

A

Swelling

30
Q

What happens to capillaries when you are deficient in protein

A

Fluid is drawn into the bloodstream by proteins as blood pressure declines in the capillary bed - blood pressure exceeds the counteracting gore of protein so the fluid remains in the tissues

31
Q

How does protein affect acid base balance

A

It pumps chemical ions in and out of cells keeping the blood slightly alkaline - acts as a buffer neutralizing an acidic environment

32
Q

Do amino acids synthesize hormones

A

Yes

33
Q

Are enzymes proteins

A

Yes

34
Q

What do proteins do in the immune system

A

Act as transporters

35
Q

Without enough carbohydrates what happens to proteins

A

Liver produces glucose from amino acids

36
Q

What happens to proteins in starvation

A

Amino acids from muscle tissue are covered into glucose

37
Q

How much energy can protein provide at rest and exercise

A

5% at rest and 10-15% at exercise

38
Q

Which macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety after a meal

A

Protein

39
Q

How many grams of protein should we have per kg of body weight

A

.8 gram per kg

40
Q

What percent of total kcal comes from protein

A

8 to 10 percent

41
Q

Do most of us eat more or less of the RDA of protein

A

more

42
Q

Typical protein consumption men versus women

A

Men - 100 grams a day

Women - 65 grams a day

43
Q

Can excess protein be stored as protein

A

No

44
Q

Protein requirement for a given meal

A

20 to 30 grams

45
Q

Protein needs for older adults recommendations

A

more than 1 gram per kg of body weight, more than 20 grams of protein in a meal, 2.2 grams of leucine

46
Q

Are amino acid supplements safe

A

No

47
Q

What do AA supplements do in the body

A

Overwhelm absorptive mechanisms in the small intestine, cause toxicity

48
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Edema, severe protein deficiency, fatty liver, large stomach, growth impairment

49
Q

Marasmus

A

Sever energy and protein deficiency, sever weight loss, wasting of muscles and body fat

50
Q

Is a vegetarian diet good for disease prevention

A

Yes

51
Q

Lactovegetarians

A

Plant and dairy products

52
Q

Lactoovovegetarian

A

Plant products, diary and eggs

53
Q

What nutrients deficiency come with a vegan diet

A

B12, iron, zinc, calcium, and omega 3 fatty acids

54
Q

Desirable body fat for male athletes

A

5 to 18 %

55
Q

Desirable body fat for female athletes

A

17 to 28 %

56
Q

What percent of energy needs does protein provide during rest and low to moderate intensity exercise

A

5%

57
Q

What percent of energy needs does protein provide during endurance exercise

A

10 to 15%

58
Q

What about proteins provides the most energy

A

Branched chain amino acids

59
Q

Does resistance exercise use more or less protein

A

less

60
Q

How many grams of protein should strength trainers eat

A

2 grams per kg of body weight

61
Q

To promote muscle synthesis what do researchers suggest

A

20 to 25 grams of high quality protein per meal at 3 meals a day

62
Q

How many protein should one eat after exercise

A

20 grams 1 to 2 hours after

Nutrition & Physical Activity (3 decks)

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