Protein

Question 1

What is the meaning of the Greek word “proteis,” from which “protein” is derived?
A) Primary energy source
B) First rank of importance
C) Tissue builder
D) Essential macronutrient

Answer 1

B) First rank of importance

Question 2

Where are most proteins synthesized?
A) Kidney
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Bone marrow

Answer 2

Answer: B) Liver

Question 3

What is the amphoteric nature of proteins?
A) They can dissolve in water
B) They can function as both an acid and a base
C) They are only soluble in acids
D) They are always positively charged

Answer 3

Answer: B) They can function as both an acid and a base

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a biological function of proteins?
A) Structural support
B) Oxygen transport
C) Maintenance of osmotic pressure
D) Storage of genetic material

Answer 4

D

Question 5

What determines the identity, molecular structure, and function of a protein?
A) Primary structure
B) Secondary structure
C) Tertiary structure
D) Quaternary structure

Answer 5

A

Question 6

What type of structure is formed by folding polypeptide chains into 3D formations?
A) Primary structure
B) Secondary structure
C) Tertiary structure
D) Quaternary structure

Answer 6

B

Question 7

What structure involves the association of two or more polypeptide chains?
A) Primary structure
B) Secondary structure
C) Tertiary structure
D) Quaternary structure

Answer 7

D

Question 8

What is an example of a simple protein?
A) Hemoglobin
B) Metalloproteins
C) Keratin
D) Lipoproteins

Answer 8

Answer: C) Keratin

Question 9

Which of the following is a conjugated protein?
A) Actin
B) Myosin
C) Transferrin
D) Albumin

Answer 9

Answer: C) Transferrin

Question 10

What is the transport protein for thyroxine and retinol?
A) Albumin
B) Prealbumin
C) Transferrin
D) Ceruloplasmin

Answer 10

Answer: B) Prealbumin

Question 11

Which protein maintains fluid balance in tissues?
A) Albumin
B) Hemoglobin
C) Myoglobin
D) Troponin

Answer 11

Answer: A) Albumin

Question 12

Which protein is the major component of α-1 globulins?
A) Transferrin
B) α-1 Antitrypsin
C) Haptoglobin
D) Ceruloplasmin

Answer 12

Answer: B) α-1 Antitrypsin

Question 13

What is the largest non-immunoglobulin protein?
A) Albumin
B) α-2 Macroglobulin
C) Haptoglobin
D) Myoglobin

Answer 13

Answer: B) α-2 Macroglobulin

Question 14

Which protein binds free hemoglobin released by RBC lysis?
A) Albumin
B) Haptoglobin
C) Transferrin
D) Fibrinogen

Answer 14

Answer: B) Haptoglobin

Question 15

What is the transport protein for 90% of copper?
A) Albumin
B) Ceruloplasmin
C) Transferrin
D) Fibrinogen

Answer 15

Answer: B) Ceruloplasmin

Question 16

A complete absence of HDL is characteristic of which disease?
A) Tay-Sach’s Disease
B) Niemann-Pick Disease
C) Tangier’s Disease
D) Wilson’s Disease

Answer 16

Answer: C) Tangier’s Disease

Question 17

Which disease is caused by defective Apo B synthesis?
A) Abetalipoproteinemia
B) Wilson’s Disease
C) Tay-Sach’s Disease
D) Sitosterolemia

Answer 17

Answer: A) Abetalipoproteinemia

Question 18

Wilson’s Disease is associated with decreased levels of which protein?
A) Albumin
B) Ceruloplasmin
C) Transferrin
D) Haptoglobin

Answer 18

Answer: B) Ceruloplasmin

Question 19

What protein is the gold standard for diagnosing myocardial infarction?
A) Myoglobin
B) Troponin
C) Albumin
D) Transferrin

Answer 19

B

Question 20

What acute-phase reactant is the first inflammatory marker to appear?
A) Transferrin
B) C-Reactive Protein
C) Haptoglobin
D) Albumin

Answer 20

B

Question 21

Which protein migrates farthest towards the anode in electrophoresis?
A) Albumin
B) α-1 Globulin
C) β-Globulin
D) γ-Globulin

Answer 21

A

Question 22

What is the most commonly used method for total protein measurement?
A) Biuret Method
B) Kjeldahl Method
C) Dye Binding
D) Lowry Method

Answer 22

Answer: A) Biuret Method

Question 23

What dye is most commonly used for albumin measurement?
A) Bromcresol Green
B) Bromcresol Purple
C) Methyl Orange
D) HABA

Answer 23

Answer: A) Bromcresol Green

Question 24

What method measures protein nitrogen content?
A) Biuret Method
B) Kjeldahl Method
C) Dye Binding
D) Refractometry

Answer 24

Answer: B) Kjeldahl Method

Question 25

What condition shows a beta-gamma bridging pattern in electrophoresis? A) Multiple Myeloma B) Liver Cirrhosis C) Nephrotic Syndrome D) Emphysema

Answer 25

B

Question 26

What protein is used as a tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma?

Answer 26

Answer: α-1 Fetoprotein

Question 27

What protein is a major component of β2 region in electrophoresis?

Answer 27

Answer: Transferrin

Question 28

What is the major oxygen-carrying protein in muscle?

Answer 28

Answer: Myoglobin

Question 29

What protein transports iron in the blood?

Answer 29

Answer: Transferrin

Question 30

What is the major component of the clotting cascade?

Answer 30

Answer: Fibrinogen

Question 31

What protein protects the fetus from immunologic attack by the mother? A) Transferrin B) α-1 Fetoprotein C) Ceruloplasmin D) Haptoglobin

Answer 31

B

Question 32

Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in human serum? A) IgA B) IgG C) IgM D) IgE

Answer 32

Answer: B) IgG

Question 33

What immunoglobulin is involved in allergic reactions? A) IgA B) IgG C) IgM D) IgE

Answer 33

Answer: D) IgE

Question 34

Which of the following proteins functions as a negative acute-phase reactant? A) Albumin B) C-Reactive Protein C) Haptoglobin D) Fibrinogen

Answer 34

A

Question 35

What protein is the major transport protein for iron? A) Ceruloplasmin B) Hemopexin C) Transferrin D) Haptoglobin

Answer 35

Answer: C) Transferrin

Question 36

What is the main structural protein found in connective tissue? A) Actin B) Myosin C) Collagen D) Keratin

Answer 36

Answer: C) Collagen

Question 37

Which protein binds and transports free heme? A) Transferrin B) Hemopexin C) Haptoglobin D) Ceruloplasmin

Answer 37

Answer: B) Hemopexin

Question 38

What is the primary function of fibrinogen? A) Transport of cholesterol B) Maintenance of osmotic pressure C) Clot formation D) Buffering blood pH

Answer 38

Answer: C) Clot formation

Question 39

What protein is most responsible for maintaining oncotic pressure? A) Albumin B) Transferrin C) Haptoglobin D) Myoglobin

Answer 39

Answer: A) Albumin

Question 40

Which condition is characterized by decreased albumin and increased α-2 globulin? A) Multiple Myeloma B) Nephrotic Syndrome C) Liver Cirrhosis D) Acute Inflammation

Answer 40

B

Question 41

Which disease is associated with a monoclonal spike in the gamma region of electrophoresis? A) Liver Cirrhosis B) Multiple Myeloma C) Nephrotic Syndrome D) Emphysema

Answer 41

B

Question 42

Which electrophoretic pattern is observed in liver cirrhosis? A) Beta-Gamma Bridging B) Monoclonal Spike C) Increased α1 and α2 globulins D) Decreased albumin and increased α-2 region

Answer 42

A

Question 43

What condition is associated with decreased α-1 antitrypsin levels? A) Emphysema B) Liver Cirrhosis C) Multiple Myeloma D) Nephrotic Syndrome

Answer 43

Answer: A) Emphysema

Question 44

Which of the following conditions is characterized by increased β2-microglobulin levels? A) Chronic inflammation B) Acute myocardial infarction C) Nephrotic syndrome D) Iron deficiency anemia

Answer 44

A

Question 45

What is the reference method for total protein measurement? A) Biuret Method B) Kjeldahl Method C) Dye Binding D) Lowry Method

Answer 45

Answer: B) Kjeldahl Method

Question 46

What specimen is preferred for total protein determination? A) Serum B) Whole blood C) Plasma with EDTA D) Urine

Answer 46

Answer: A) Serum

Question 47

In protein electrophoresis, what is the preferred support medium for separating serum proteins? A) Polyacrylamide B) Nitrocellulose C) Cellulose Acetate D) Agarose

Answer 47

D