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NUTR 4210 > Protein > Flashcards

Protein Flashcards

1
Q

During the post absorptive state what is the b to s ratio

A

breakdown is generally 30% greater

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2
Q

what will a protein rich meal due to synthesis

A

increase synthesis and decrease breakdown

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3
Q

what occurs to b and s during prolonged exercise

A

increase in protein breakdown and decrease in synthesis

also small increase in oxidation

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4
Q

Essential AA =

A

cannot be produced by the body

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5
Q

non-essential AA

A

can be produced by the body

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6
Q

branched chain AA

A

leucine, isoleucine, valine (only AA oxidized by muscle)

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7
Q

what is the importance of leucine

A

potent stimulator of protein synthesis (pathway that stimulates and regulates protein synthesis)

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8
Q

fate of AA during exercise
Glucogeneic AA

A

readily converted to pyruvate, or TCA intermediates; many aa are gluconeogenic

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9
Q

Fate of ketogenic AA

A

AAs readily converted to acetyl-CoA or acetoacetate; leucine, alanine and a few others

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10
Q

All oxidized AA will lead to

A

Urea production

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11
Q

when does urea increase

A

Urea is excreted, increased with exercise, especially carbohydrate-depleted situations

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12
Q

RE and protein turnover

A

increase in turnover for 24-48h post-exercise

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13
Q

what happens if nothing is eaten durin RE

A

Breakdown (MPB) > synthesis (MPS) if nothing is eaten!

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14
Q

what is the net balance during RE

A

still negative regardless of time however after exercise it is closer to neutral

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15
Q

what type of protein balance do we need to build muscle

A

positive

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16
Q

what does adding/supplementing AA do

A

increases MPS and decreases MPB = positive balance for muscle gain

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17
Q

what does RE do to change protein balance

A

Resistance exercise synthesizes the muscle to hyperaminoacidemia (without RE = the effect of AA on protein balance is much smaller)

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18
Q

high protein intake may protect against

A

loss of lean mass during caloric restriction in athletes

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19
Q

when do we see a plateau for protein consumption

A

We see a plateau over 20g after exercise as once past 30g it is very difficult to argue from a scientific standpoint

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20
Q

how is fractional synthesis rate measured

A

by incorporation of 13C-leucine into the total protein poll

21
Q

fate of excess AA

A

MPS is saturable
We have a threshold for protein synthesis if we go beyond, will go elsewhere such as oxidation
And increases plasma urea

22
Q

_______ requirement for protein in strength-trained athletes might arise due to the extra protein required to support muscle protein accretion through elevated protein synthesis and increased breakdown during exercise

A

increase

23
Q

Strength training consistent with the anabolic stimulus for protein synthesis therefore it provides

A

increases the efficiency of use of protein, which reduces dietary protein requirements

24
Q

what is the best protein source and why

A

whey = fast digestion (rapid increase in plasma amino acids)
Whey causes greatest FSR at rest and after RE
This may be due to increase in leucine, which stimulates protein synthesis

25
Q

does whey or soy cause greater increases in insulin

A

whey

26
Q

what is the optimal leucine amount to maximize protein synthesis

A

5g (2g is threshold for eliciting a response)

27
Q

leucine and insulin can stimulate

A

AMPK and inhibit MTOR

28
Q

when exercise stops AMPK _____

A

decreases and inhibition stops which ensures that protein synthesis occurs after contraction

29
Q

CHO-induced spike in insulin will

A

increase net protein synthesis

30
Q

leucine stimulates protein synthesis via

A

mTOR pathway

31
Q

how does leucine stimulate protein synthesis

A

leucine and in theory insulin can stimulate AMPK which inhibits mTOR

32
Q

when exercise stops, AMPKK

A

decreases and inhibition stops (why we don’t get a net positive during exercise)

33
Q

Addiding CHO had _____ effect on MPS

A

no significant

34
Q

as long as adequate ______ are consumed ( g)

A

EAAs (~6g)

35
Q

despite the large insulin spike…

A

MPS is not further increased by CHO and MPB is not decreased

36
Q

sufficient protein already maximally stimulates ____

A

MPS

37
Q

when is insulin most likely a facotr in MPS

A

only at rest not following RE

38
Q

is timing of CHO ingestion important (prior)

A

Protein prior
- increased amount of AA taken up in the muscle
- when protein stops protein synthesis goes up
- higher protein synthesis before so already present for protein synthesis after exercise (gives a head start)

39
Q

is timing of CHO ingestion important (post)

A
  • lower Phe before exercise
  • see an increase in synthesis but not as much as taking it prior
40
Q

in a repeated study in 2007 what were the findings

A

there was no benefit/ conclusive findings on timing effect of protein intake all it said is maybe taking it earlier is better

41
Q

what led to the greatest insulin spike and hyperaminoacidemia

A

Bolus timing and distribution of protein ingestion during recovery from RE

  • not suprising as there was greater food intake
42
Q

what was the bolus pattern

A

20g of whey protein every 3hrs

43
Q

t or f trained indivduals dont need as much protein

A

there is less breakdown/ doesnt change (go up) during RE in trained as turnover is not as great in trained

44
Q

do older adults need more protein

A

older adults are anabolic resistant and thus need more protein to get the same stimulation
- thresholds for maximizing protein synthesis are higher in older indivduals

45
Q

anabolic response to an exercise stimulus is ____ in older adults

A

reduced

46
Q

Does BCAA supplements stimulate MPS

A

not alone

47
Q

increased arterial BCAA levels saw

A

no increase in muscle protein synthesis

48
Q

why is phenylalanine uptake a better index of protein syntehsis than leucine

A

leucine does not stay in the protein pool as it is a branched aa where phenylalanine will be consumed and stay in the protein pool

49
Q

why doesn’t BCAA work

A

you now have a messed up balance of AA so it breaksdown its own pool of protein to establish balance
- can’t stockpile BCAA, we need all ECAA

NUTR 4210 (3 decks)

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