Protein Flashcards
Is a protein a macronutrient or a micronutrient
It’s a macronutrient
Why does our body need protein
1)Makes our body grow
2)Maintains the body to keep it working well
3) repairs the body if it is damaged
4) gives the body energy
Function of protein
Healthy growth and replace worn-out cells and tissues,or to repair the damaged ones
The compounds of protein
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
What are amino acids
Are the building blocks of protein
They are joined together into long chains called polymers to form protein molecules
How many amino acids are there
9 essential
11 non essential
What is the name of this molecule
Glycine
What happens when two amino acids combine
They form a structure called peptide, bounded by the peptide blond
How is a protein molecule formed
When a polypeptide chains grow a longer and begins to fold into a complex structure
Why are protein molecules folded
To help them become compact
What prevents the polypeptide chains from falling apart
They are held together by bonds such as hydrogen bonds and sulphur-to-sulphur bonds
4 stages of folding in protein molecules
Stage1: primary structure
Stage2: secondary structure
Stage3: tertiary structure
Stage4: quaternary structure
What happens in the primary structure and secondary structure
Primary structure is the polypeptide chains
Secondary structure is when the polypeptide chains twist like a helix
What happens in the tertiary structure and the quaternary structure
The tertiary structure it folds more and more
The quaternary structure lots of golden chains are linked together
What is hydrophobic and hydrophilic
Hydrophobic = amino acids are repelled by water
Hydrophilic = amino acids are attracted to water
What is LBV
Low Biological Value
Lacks one or more amino acids
They are knows as incomplete proteins
Found in plant sources apart from soya beans
What is HBV
High Biological Value
Provide our body’s with all the essential amino acids in the right proportion
Known as complete protein
Found in animal sources and soya/tofu
What is protein complement
It’s where two or more LBV proteins are eating together they can become HBV
E.g pitta bread+ hummus
What protein is found in egg whites
Ovalbumin
What protein is found in wheat
Gluten
What protein found in meat
Collagen
What protein is found in cheese
Caseinogen
What protein is found in milk
Lactoglobulin
What happens in the denatured of proteins
When the one that maintains a protein shape are broken the protein will stop working and denature
