Protein

Question 1

What is the elemental composition of protein

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

Question 2

What element of protein is essential for growth

Answer 2

Nitrogen

Question 3

What are the trace elements of protein

Answer 3

Sulfur, Iron, Phosphorus

Question 4

What is a protein

Answer 4

Large molecules composed of amino acids joined together by peptide links to form long polypeptide chains

Question 5

What is an amino acid

Answer 5

Joined together by peptide links -> Polypeptide chains -> Protein

Question 6

What is the basic amino acid structure

Answer 6

• An Amino Group (NH2)
• A Carboxyl Group (COOH)
• A Central Carbon (C)
• A Single Hydrogen (H)
• A Variable (R), changes with each amino acids

Question 7

Define the term: essential amino acids

Answer 7

This amino acids either cannot be made in the body and must be obtained in food.

Question 8

What are the non-essential amino acids

Answer 8

• Alanine - Aspartic acid
• Cysteine - Ornithine
• Serine - Asparagine
• Proline - Tyrosine
• Glycine - Glutamic acid

Question 9

Define the term; non-essential amino acids

Answer 9

can be made by the body, and do not need to be acquired from our diet

Question 10

What are the non-essential amino acids

Answer 10

Valine, - Lysine
- Leucine - Isoleucine
- Phenylalanine - Methionine
- Threonine - Tryptophan
- Histidine - Arginine

Question 11

What are the essential amino acids for children

Answer 11

Histidine and Arginine

Question 12

How are peptide links formed

Answer 12

Formed when 2 amino acids join together

Question 13

What are the stages in peptide link formation

Answer 13

1.} The COOH/Carboxyl (acidic) group of one amino acid reacts with the NH2/Amino Group (basic) group of amino acids

2.} The COOH/Carboxyl (acidic) group loses an OH group. The NH2/Amino Group (basic) group loses a hydrogen (H) atom.
The hydrogen (H) atom and the OH group join together to form a water (H20) molecule that is lost.

3.} The result is a CO-NH bond. This new molecule is called a dipeptide (2 amino acids joined together)

Question 14

What is condensation reaction

Answer 14

2 amino acids join together to form peptide links and lose H2O molecule

Question 15

What is a polypeptide

Answer 15

20+ amino acids joined together

Question 16

What is a protein

Answer 16

50+ amino acids joined together

Question 17

What is the primary structure of protein

Answer 17

Sequence of amino acids in protein chains, e.g. Insulin contains 51 amino acids

Question 18

What are the classification of proteins

Answer 18

• Simple
• Conjugated

Question 19

Simple Animal Protein: Fibrous

Answer 19

• Elastin and Collagen (meat connective tissue)

Question 20

Simple Animal Protein: Globular

Answer 20

• Ovalbumin (egg white)
• Lactalbumin (milk)

Question 21

Simple Plant Protein: Glutenins

Answer 21

• Glutenin (wheat)
• Oryzenin (rice)

Question 22

Simple Plant Protein: Prolamins

Answer 22

• Gliadin (wheat)
• Zein (maize)

Question 23

What are Conjugated Proteins

Answer 23

They form when proteins combine with non-protein molecule

Question 24

Conjugated Protein: Lipoprotein

Answer 24

Lecithin (eggs)

Question 25

Conjugated Protein: Phosphoprotein

Answer 25

Caseinogen (milk)