Protein Flashcards
What is the elemental composition of protein
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
What element of protein is essential for growth
Nitrogen
What are the trace elements of protein
Sulfur, Iron, Phosphorus
What is a protein
Large molecules composed of amino acids joined together by peptide links to form long polypeptide chains
What is an amino acid
Joined together by peptide links -> Polypeptide chains -> Protein
What is the basic amino acid structure
- An Amino Group (NH2)
- A Carboxyl Group (COOH)
- A Central Carbon (C)
- A Single Hydrogen (H)
- A Variable (R), changes with each amino acids
Define the term: essential amino acids
This amino acids either cannot be made in the body and must be obtained in food.
What are the non-essential amino acids
- Alanine - Aspartic acid
- Cysteine - Ornithine
- Serine - Asparagine
- Proline - Tyrosine
- Glycine - Glutamic acid
Define the term; non-essential amino acids
can be made by the body, and do not need to be acquired from our diet
What are the non-essential amino acids
Valine, - Lysine
- Leucine - Isoleucine
- Phenylalanine - Methionine
- Threonine - Tryptophan
- Histidine - Arginine
What are the essential amino acids for children
Histidine and Arginine
How are peptide links formed
Formed when 2 amino acids join together
What are the stages in peptide link formation
1.} The COOH/Carboxyl (acidic) group of one amino acid reacts with the NH2/Amino Group (basic) group of amino acids
2.} The COOH/Carboxyl (acidic) group loses an OH group. The NH2/Amino Group (basic) group loses a hydrogen (H) atom.
The hydrogen (H) atom and the OH group join together to form a water (H20) molecule that is lost.
3.} The result is a CO-NH bond. This new molecule is called a dipeptide (2 amino acids joined together)
What is condensation reaction
2 amino acids join together to form peptide links and lose H2O molecule
What is a polypeptide
20+ amino acids joined together
What is a protein
50+ amino acids joined together
What is the primary structure of protein
Sequence of amino acids in protein chains, e.g. Insulin contains 51 amino acids
What are the classification of proteins
- Simple
- Conjugated
Simple Animal Protein: Fibrous
- Elastin and Collagen (meat connective tissue)
Simple Animal Protein: Globular
- Ovalbumin (egg white)
- Lactalbumin (milk)
Simple Plant Protein: Glutenins
- Glutenin (wheat)
- Oryzenin (rice)
Simple Plant Protein: Prolamins
- Gliadin (wheat)
- Zein (maize)
What are Conjugated Proteins
They form when proteins combine with non-protein molecule
Conjugated Protein: Lipoprotein
Lecithin (eggs)
