Protein

Question 1

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 1

9

Question 2

What is a conditional amino acid?

Answer 2

Non-essential amino acids can become essential within certain health conditions

Question 3

Name 4 functions of proteins

Answer 3

1. Structure to all cells
2. Enzymes
3. Metabolsim
4. Precursors for protein synthesis, neurotransmitters, hormones, DNA etc.

Question 4

How much protein is secreted before being absorbed by the liver?

Answer 4

70g

Question 5

How is protein removed from the body?

Answer 5

Generation of substrates produces ammonia, which is converted to urea

Question 6

What can nitrogen balance estimate?

Answer 6

Protein balance

Question 7

What is 1g nitrogen equivalent to?

Answer 7

6.25g protein

Question 8

What are the limitations to nitrogen balance?

Answer 8

Only assess whole body protein

Question 9

What is the everyday required intake for protein?

Answer 9

0.75g/kg/d

Question 10

What is the everyday recommendations for protein?

Answer 10

1.4-1.6 g/kg/d

Question 11

When amino acids enter skeletal muscle, where do they go? For what?

Answer 11

Intracellular amino acid pool
For protein synthesis

Question 12

What does exercise promote?

Answer 12

Protein synthesis

Question 13

What is the most abundant skeletal muscle protein?

Answer 13

Myofibrillar

Question 14

What is the turnover rate of myofibrillar protein per day?

Answer 14

1-2%

Question 15

What muscle protein has the greatest turnover rate? And why?

Answer 15

Mitochondrial - support the metabolic demands

Question 16

What is the RDA protein requirements in sedentary? And why?

Answer 16

0.8 g/kg/d - to avoid deficiency

Question 17

What does the RDA suggest that protein intake optimises? (1)

Answer 17

1. Growth and repair
2. Optimal metabolic functions
3. Support lean tissue maintenance and accretion
4. Support immune system

Question 18

What are the optimal dosage requirements of protein for resistance training?

Answer 18

1.6 g/kg/d

Question 19

What are the optimal dosage requirements of protein for endurance training?

Answer 19

1.6-2.0 g/kg/d

Question 20

What type of amino acids favour MPS?

Answer 20

Essential amino acids

Question 21

What source of protein has a lower MPS rate than milk?

Answer 21

Soy

Question 22

What proteins are found in milk?

Answer 22

80% caesin - slow
20% whey - fast

Question 23

What essential amino acid stimulates MPS?

Answer 23

Leucine

Question 24

How can you make plant protein more effective?

Answer 24

Consuming more plant protein
Blending different plant proteins together

Question 25

What muscle protein enhances MPS the greatest after late night exercise? And why?

Answer 25

Caesin - as its a slow, complex protein therefore MPS effects last longer

Question 26

What frequency of feeding shows greatest rates of MPS across a 12 hr period?

Answer 26

4 x 20g

Question 27

What are potential negative impacts of plant protein? (3)

Answer 27

1. Deficiencies may arise
2. Animal protein does have health benefits
3. Economic impact

Question 28

What type of mass loss does protein consumption promote?

Answer 28

High fat:lean mass

Question 29

What is recommended for maximal MPS after exercise?

Answer 29

20-30 g
0.24-0.3 g/kg

Question 30

What two components affect the rate of MPS?

Answer 30

1. EAA
2. Digestibility