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Protective equipment > Protective equipment > Flashcards

Protective equipment Flashcards

1
Q

Essencial for which sports

A

Contact and Collision sports

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2
Q

Safety standards

A

Materials, durability, establishment of standards, manufacturing, testing methods, and requirements for use
(everything needs to be followed correctly or else it is not covered by manufactures warranty)

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3
Q

Protective equipment concern

A

Protective ability not appearance of equipment

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4
Q

Legal Concerns

A

IF equipment results in injury due to defect or inadequacy for intended use manufacturer is liable
IF equipment is modified-modifier becomes liable
!! DO NOT MODIFY EQUIPMENT!!

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5
Q

NOCSAE

A

National operation committee on standard for athletic equipment
- est. voluntary testing standards in an effort to reduce head injuries

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6
Q

NOCSAE helmet standard

A
  • not a warranty

- indicated helmet met standaard of performance testing

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7
Q

Regular recertification and reconditioning of helmets

A

allows equipment to meet standards for multiple seasons

- $ is a big factor

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8
Q

Off the shelf vs custom protective equipment

A

Off the shelf equipment
- pre-made and packaged
- can be used immediately
- neoprene sleeves, inserts, ankle braces
-sizing
Customized equipment
- constructed according to the individual
- specifically sized and designed for protective and supportive needs
-EXPENSIVE

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9
Q

Head Protection

A

Collision sports require head protection due to impacts, forces, velocities and implements

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10
Q

Football Helmets

A

NOCSAE standards:

  1. must be protective against concussive force
  2. while helmets must be certified, they are not always fail-safe
  3. athletes and parents must be aware of inherent risks
  4. have them sign an “assumption of risk” form
  5. Every helmet must have a visible exterior warning label:
    - Indicated helmets should not be used to strike opponent
    - Indicates risk of being accidentally injured and that athlete plays at their own risk
  6. Athlete must be aware of risks and what label indicated
  7. many helmet manufacturers have closed due to lawsuits and liability cases
  8. air or fluid-filled pockets to absorb force
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11
Q

Riddell revolution

A
  1. computer designed helmet that extends further pas the jaw for additional protection and stability
  2. the distance between the helmet and head increased
  3. padding inflates to fit the player’s head shape
  4. face guard system has isolated attachment points reducing jarring from low-level impacts to the face guard
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12
Q

Xenith helmet

A
  1. thermoplastic airflow shock absorbers in a flexible cap
    - said to adapt to force of impact and dissipate energy
    - decreases acceleration of head and reduces jarring associated with concussions
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13
Q

Helmet fitting

A
  1. follow manufacturer’s directions!
  2. must routinely check fit
    - snug fit
    - with change in altitude bladder helmets must be rechecked
    - chin straps (2, 4, or 6 stap systems)
    - jaw pads are essential (prevent lateral rocking)
    - loop straps should secure face mask
    - —-can be cut if spinal injury suspected or CPR required
  3. helmet must fit properly and regularly maintained
  4. exam for cracks in ear holes, rivets, screws, snaps
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14
Q

Ice hockey helmets

A
  1. must withstand high velocity impacts (stick or puck) and high mass, low velocity impacts
  2. helmet will disperse force over large area and decelerate forces that would act on head (energy absorption liner)
  3. helmets must be approved by Canadian standards association or the hockey equipment certification council
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15
Q

Baseball Batting Helmets

A
  1. must withstand high velocity impacts
  2. research indicates helmet does little to dissipate energy of ball
  3. possible solution; add additional external padding
  4. must carry NOCSAE label
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16
Q

Cycling helmets

A
  1. designed to protect head during one single impact
  2. may states require the use of cycling helmets
    - especially in adolescents
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17
Q

Lacrosse Helmets

A
  1. required for male lax
  2. women’s lax requires just protective eye guard
  3. hard plastic with wire mesh face guard
  4. designed to absorb repeated impact from hard high velocity projectiles
  5. additional throat protector on goalie helmets
18
Q

Soccer Headgear

A
  1. designed to reduce incidence of concussions from heading ball
  2. headband with foam padding
  3. no research to support it reduces concussions
19
Q

Face protection

A
  1. Face guards
    - reduces facial injuries
    - variety of options depending on sport and position
    - must be secured to face mask with no additional attachments that would be invalidate the manufacturer’s warranty
    - all mountings must be flush to the helmet
  2. decreases facial injuries
  3. know how it attaches
  4. high school hockey; face masks are required with while plastic coating that meet hockey equip. certifications council and american society for testing materials
  5. opening cannot allow pass of sticks or pucks
  6. additional polycarbonate face shields are available
  7. throat protectors are also mandated at some levels
20
Q

Sunglasses in baseball

A
  1. know the regulations

2. glass shattering could be very dangerous

21
Q

Throat protection

A
  1. Laryngotracheal injuries, while uncommon can be fatal
  2. baseball catchers, lax goalies, and ice hockey goalies are most at risk
  3. should be mandatory in these sports
  4. IF they get hit, MONITOR AIRWAY
22
Q

Mouth Guards

A
  1. prevent dental injuries
  2. protect teeth, minimize lip lacerations
  3. should fit comfortably and not impede speech or breathing
  4. shouold extend back to last molar
  5. Contructed of flexible resilient material formed to fit teeth and upper jaw
  6. Do NOT cut down mouth guard; voids warranty
  7. Three types:
    - stock
    - commercial (formed following submersion in water)
    - custom (fabricated from dental mold)
  8. should be able to see them
  9. required in field and ice hockey, football, women’s lax, bball
23
Q

Ear Guards

A
  1. Required in wrestling, boxing and water polo
24
Q

Eye protection

A
  1. highest percentage of eye injuries are sport related
  2. generally blunt trauma
  3. glasses:
    - may slip, bend, fog, limit peripheral vision or be difficult to wear with headgear
    - properly fitting glasses can provide adequate protection
    - case hardened lens that will not splinter on contact (disadvantage= increased weight)
    - polarizing/ tinting ability
    - plastic lenses are lightweight but easily scratched.
25
Q

Contact Lenses

A
  1. moves with eyes
  2. will not fog and can be tinted
  3. disadvantages include cost, corneal irritation, and the possibility of coming dislodged and lost
  4. soft hydrophilic lenses and disposable lenses are commonly used
  5. carry extras with you
  6. carry saline solution
26
Q

Eye and glasses guards

A
  1. necessary in sports with fast moving projectiles
  2. athletes not wearing glasses should wear closed eye guards to protect orbital cavity
  3. while eye guards afford great protection, they can limit vision.
  4. polycarbonate eye shields have been developed for numerous pieces of head gear
  5. make sure they find one that is comfortable
27
Q

Neck protection

A
  1. serve primarily as a reminder to athlete to be cautious rather than providing definitive restrictions
28
Q

Trunk and thorax protection

A
  1. essential in many sports
  2. must protect regions that are exposed to impact
  3. equipment may provide protection but it may also be used as na implement
  4. raises questions about the necessity of protective equipment and it’s role in producing trauma
29
Q

Football shoulder pads

A
  1. two types:
    - cantilevered: bulkier and used by those engaged in blocking and tackling
    - non-cantilevered: do not restrict motion
  2. combinations of padding (football and hockey) may be used to supplement standard padding and protection
30
Q

Thorax and Rib protection

A
  1. thorax protectors and rib belts
  2. protect against external forces
  3. air-inflated interconnected cylinders (jacket design)
31
Q

Hip protection

A
  1. required in collision and high-velocity sports
32
Q

Cleated/ specialty shoes

A
  1. consider playing surfaces and activity
  2. made of polyurethane, rubber or metal
  3. cleats can be molded as part of the sole or screw ins that can be changed
  4. cleat length depending on playing surfaces and conditions
33
Q

Heel cups and foot pads

A

Heel cups
1. plantar fascitis, heel spurs, achilles tendonitis, heel contusions
2. hard plastic or spongy rubber that provides a cushion during weight bearing activity
Foot pads:
1. not specifically designed for athletic use
2. advantage of being readily available
3. available for numerous conditions
4. try before customized devices

34
Q

Shin and lower Leg

A
  1. anterior aspect of leg is exposed to direct blows
  2. commercially marketed, hard molded shin guards,
  3. used in field hockey and soccer
  4. make sure they are wearing them correctly
35
Q

Thigh and upper leg

A
  1. collision sports
  2. pads slip into ready make uniform pockets
  3. customized pads held in place with tape or wraps
  4. neoprene sleeves can also be used for support of injuries
36
Q

Knee Braces

A
  1. used prophylactically to prevent injuries to MCL
  2. concerns about effectiveness in reducing injury
  3. positive proprioceptive effects
    Types:
  4. rehabilitative:
    - used following surgery
    - allows controlled, progressive ROM
    - adjustable
  5. functional:
    - used during and post rehab to provide functional support
    - ready- made customized braces
37
Q

Elbow, wrist and hand protection

A
  1. elbow is susceptible to instability, contusions and muscle strains
  2. variety of products are available to protect the elbow
  3. wrist hand and finger injuries are oftern trivialized but can be disabling
  4. susceptible to fracture, dislocation, ligament sprains, and muscle strains
  5. gloves and splints are available for protection and immobilization
38
Q

construction of protective and supportive devices

A

Soft materials:
1. gauze: versatile, can be used for protection or absorption
2. cotton: cheap widely used
3. Adherent felt. moleskin
4. felt: matted wool fibers, pressed in a variety of thicknesses
- semi-resilient, providing firm pressure
- absorbent and clings to skin ( less tendency to move)
- must be replaced daily due to absorbent qualities
5. foam: many uses with many densities
- resilient, non absorbent material that protects against compressive force
- some have viscoelastic polymers that absorb energy. heavier
Non- yielding materials:
1. thermomoldable plastics
- used in orthotics, braces, splints, and for protecting body parts
- casting, support, protect contusions
orthoplast (gel)

39
Q

Tools for customizing

A
  1. adhesives, (glues and cements)
  2. adhesives tapes
  3. heat source ( used to form thermomoldable plastics/ foams)
  4. shaping tools (scissors, blades, knives)
  5. fastening material ( snaps, velcro, rivets, laces)
40
Q

Where are all the protective equipment rules

A

NCAA HANDBOOK

Protective equipment (1 decks)

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