Protection and Security

Question 1

It is the mechanism for controlling access of processes of users to the resources defined by the computer sytem

Answer 1

Protection

Question 2

It can improve reliability by detecting latent errors at the interfaces between components subsystems.

Answer 2

protection

Question 3

Its job is to defend a system from internal or external attacks

Answer 3

Security

Question 4

associated with all files, processes of that user to determine access control

Answer 4

User Identifiers (ID)

Question 5

allows set of users to be defined and controls managed, then also associated
with each process

Answer 5

Group Identifiers (ID)

Question 6

Allows user to change to effective ID with more rights

Answer 6

Privelege Escalation

Question 7

allows direct command entry Sometimes implemented in kernel, sometimes by systems program

Answer 7

CLI or Command Interpreter

Question 8

stands for CLI

Answer 8

command interface line

Question 9

User-friendly desktop metaphor interface
•Usually mouse, keyboard, and monitor
• Icons represent files, programs, actions,etc

Answer 9

GUI - Graphical User Interface

Question 10

Programming Interface to the services provided by the OS and is typically written in high level language

Answer 10

System Call

Question 11

3 most common API’s (Application Programming Interface

Answer 11

1. Win32 API (windows)
2. POSIX API (posix-based system including the virtually all versions of UNIX, Linus, Mac OS X
3. Java API (JVM -Java Virtual Machine)

Question 12

6 types of System Calls

Answer 12

1. Process Control
2. File Management
3. Device management
4. Information Maintenance
5. Communications
6. Protection

Question 13

A running program needs to be able to halt its execution either normally(end) or abnormally(abort)

Answer 13

Process Control

Question 14

It examined the dump of memory written in a disk caused by error trap

Answer 14

debugger

Question 15

We first need to be able to create and delete files. Either system call requires the name of the file and
perhaps some of the file’s attributes

Answer 15

File Management

Question 16

A process may need several resources to execute—main memory, disk drives, access to files, and so on.
If the resources are available, they can be granted, and control can be returned to the user process.

Answer 16

Device Management

Question 17

These functions are similar to the open and
close system calls for files.

Answer 17

Device management

Question 18

Primarily fetches a command from user and executes it

Answer 18

CLI

Question 19

Many system calls exists simply for transferring information between user program and the operating system.

Answer 19

Information Maintenance

Question 20

2 common models of inter process communication

Answer 20

1. message passing model
2. Shared memory model

Question 21

Levels on system programs

Answer 21

Application programs
System programs
Operating system
Hardware

Question 22

It provides a convenient environment for program development and
execution.

Answer 22

System programs

Question 23

6 categories on system programs

Answer 23

1. File Management
2. Status Information
3. file modification
4. Programming-language support
5. Program loading and execution
6. Communications

Question 24

Finding and fixing errors or bugs

Answer 24

Debugging

Question 25

The procedure of starting a computer by loading the kernel

Answer 25

Booting the system

Question 26

A small piece of code that locates the kernel, loads it into main memory, and starts its execution.

Answer 26

Bootstrap program or Bootstrap loader